محیط زیست: محیط زیست / منطقه آب و هوایی / تغييرات عمق / محدوده توزیع
بوم شناسي
دريايي; لب شور وابسته به آب سنگ; تغييرات عمق 2 - 80 m (Ref. 1602). Tropical; 22°C - 27°C (Ref. 130614); 34°N - 34°S, 27°E - 124°W
Indo-Pacific: Red Sea to East Africa eastward through northern Australia reaching Tuamotu Islands, north to southern Japan.
اندازه / وزن / سن
بلوغ: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 9770)
خارهاي باله پشتي (کل) : 3; شعاع نرم باله پشتي (کل) : 24 - 27; خارهاي باله مخرجي: 0; شعاع نرم باله مخرجي: 22 - 25. Scales relatively large (Ref. 9002).
Body shape (shape guide): short and / or deep.
Inhabits coastal to inner reefs and estuaries, often in silty habitats (Ref. 48637). Found on lagoon slope and floor (Ref. 30573), also coral reefs. Generally solitary or in pairs (Ref. 4420). Young form small aggregations when common while adults are usually seen solitary, except when nesting and males congregate on certain sand flats adjacent to reefs (Ref. 48637). Feeds on tips of coral branches, gastropods, crustaceans, foraminiferans, and tunicates (Ref. 1602) and also on sea urchins (Ref. 9770). Oviparous (Ref. 205). Nest-guarding females are aggressive (Ref. 9770). Also caught with drive-in nets. Marketed fresh and dried-salted (Ref. 9770). Ciguatoxic in certain areas (Ref. 37816). Maximum depth reported taken from Ref. 128797.
چرخه زندگی و رفتار جفتگیری
بلوغ | تولید مثل | تخم ریزی | تخم ها | باروری | توزاد ( لارو)
Males migrate to a traditional spawning ground where they establish territories enclosing nest sites and egg chambers (Ref. 9777). Nesting occurs in sand-bottomed channels and shallow cuts through the barrier reef (Ref. 9778, 37816). The nest consist of depressions up to 2 m wide and 0.7 m deep (Ref. 9778, 37816). Females arrive several days later and select a male for mating (Ref. 9777). Exhibit biparental care (Ref. 9777). Up to 430,000 or more eggs may be deposited in a spongy fist-sized cluster weighted down with pieces of rubble (Ref. 9778, 37816). Males establish a territory for spawning and parental care but not for feeding (Ref. 116451). Only females tend the eggs but both parents keep guard (Ref. 116451).
Myers, R.F., 1991. Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
خطر برای انسان ها
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 1602)
استفاده انسانی
ماهي گيري – شيلات: تجاري; آكواريوم: تجاري
ابزارها
گزارش های ويژه
بارگيری XML
منابع اينترنتي
تخمینها بر اساس مدلها
شاخص تنوع فیلوژنتیکی (مرجع 82804) |
PD50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.02692 (0.01290 - 0.05617), b=2.91 (2.73 - 3.09), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245). |
سطح تروفیک (مرجع 69278) |
2.8 ±0.26 se; based on food items. |
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Generation time |
2.2 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1 growth studies. |
جهندگی (مرجع 120179) |
زياد, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت ، كمتر از 15 ماه (K=0.49; Fec=430,000). |
آسیبپذیری ماهیگیری (Ref. 59153) |
Low to moderate vulnerability (29 of 100). 🛈 |
طبقه قيمت (Ref. 80766) |
Medium.
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مواد مغذی (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 35.3 [15.1, 84.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.604 [0.319, 1.321] mg/100g; Protein = 18.7 [16.6, 20.9] %; Omega3 = 0.11 [0.05, 0.22] g/100g; Selenium = 42.7 [20.7, 96.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 26.4 [6.7, 99.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.13 [0.75, 1.74] mg/100g (wet weight); |