Plectropomus areolatus, Squaretail coralgrouper : fisheries

Plectropomus areolatus (Rüppell, 1830)

Squaretail coralgrouper
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Plectropomus areolatus   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Plectropomus areolatus (Squaretail coralgrouper)
Plectropomus areolatus
Afbeelding van Field, R.

Classificatie / Namen Lokale namen | Synoniemen | Catalog of Fishes(Genus, Soort(en)) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Perciformes/Serranoidei (Groupers) > Epinephelidae (Groupers)
Etymology: Plectropomus: Greek,plektron = anything to strike with, spur + Greek, poma = cover, operculum (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Rüppell.

Milieu: milieu / Klimaatzone / Diepte / verspreidingsgebied Ecologie

marien rifbewoner; diepte 1 - 20 m (Ref. 9710). Tropical; 31°N - 25°S, 32°E - 169°W (Ref. 5222)

Verspreiding Gebieden | FAO regio's | Ecosystemen | Voorkomen | Verspreidingskaart | Introducties | Faunafri

Indo-Pacific: Red Sea to the Phoenix Islands and Samoa, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Australia.

Lengte bij maturiteit / Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd

Maturiteit: Lm 36.6, range 30 - ? cm
Max length : 80.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 90102)

Korte beschrijving Determinatiesleutels | Morfologie | Morfometrie

Dorsale stekels (totaal) : 7 - 8; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal) : 10 - 12; Anale stekels: 3; Anale zachte stralen: 8. This species is distinguished by the following characters: body elongate and robust, depth 2.9-3.9 in SL; preopercle broadly rounded, with 3 large, ventrally-directed spines along lower half; opercle with 3 flat spines, the upper and lower spines covered by skin; nostrils subequal, set in a shallow groove running forward from eye; large canine teeth at front of jaws; 1-4 large canines on side of lower jaw; gill rakers of first gill arch 0-2 + 2-7; caudal fin truncate to slightly emarginate, the caudal concavity more than 13 times in HL; pectoral-fin rays 15-16, 2.0-2.3 in HL; lateral-line scales 83-97. Colour whitish to pale grey color, with numerous round to oval dark-edged blue spots (the largest about equal to pupil); most spots within a spot diameter of adjacent spots; head, body, and median fins frequently with 4-5 dark blotches forming saddles on back (greenish grey); pelvic fins with dark brown to blackish membranes; rear margin of caudal fin with a white edge and often with a blackish submarginal band (Ref. 39231, 89707, 90102).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: oval.

Biologie     Verklarende woordenlijst (bv. epibenthic)

Adults inhabit lagoon and seaward reefs, in areas with rich coral growth. Most frequently encountered in channels along the reef front (Ref. 9710, 48635). Often a shy fish (Ref. 48635). Feed exclusively on fishes (Ref. 37816). Misidentified as P. leopardus in Ref. 2928 (Johannes, pers. comm.). This study reports of a declining stock in Palau due to fishing. Before actual spawning around full moon, the species aggregates along channels and are responsive to baited hooks, making them vulnerable to fishermen; upward movements of some to take baited hooks presumably mistaken for courtship or spawning behavior. Large individuals may be ciguatoxic in certain areas (Ref. 37816). In the Hong Kong live fish markets (Ref. 27253). Of interest to artisanal fisheries and caught with hook-and-line (Ref. 39231).

Levenscyclus en paargedrag Maturiteit | Voortplanting | Paaien | Eieren | Fecunditeit | Larven

Hoofdreferentie Upload uw referenties | Referenties | Coördinator | Medewerkers

Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)

Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))

  Kwetsbaar (VU) (A2bd); Date assessed: 17 November 2016

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Gevaar voor de mens

  Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 4690)





Gebruik door de mens

Visserij: van minder commercieel belang
FAO - visserij: landings search; Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us

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genoom
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Internetbronnen

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | Bekijk FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: Genus, Soort(en) | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - visserij: landings search; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | Nationale databanken | OneZoom | Open Tree of Life | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | TreeBase | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: ga naar, zoek | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record

Schattingen op basis van modellen

Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex
(Ref. 82804) 		PD50 = 0.5039 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight a=0.01096 (0.00650 - 0.01851), b=3.07 (2.93 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).
Trofisch niveau
(Ref. 69278) 		4.5   ±0.80 se; based on food items.
Weerstandsvermogen
(Ref. 120179) 		Gemiddeld, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 1,4-4,4 jaar (tm=2.5; Tmax=14;).
Kwetsbaarheid van de visserij
(Ref. 59153) 		Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100). 🛈
Kwetsbaarheid voor het klimaat
(Ref. 125649) 		Very high vulnerability (88 of 100). 🛈
Prijsklasse
(Ref. 80766) 		Very high.
Voedingsstoffen
(Ref. 124155) 		Calcium = 35.7 [20.3, 68.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.617 [0.317, 1.074] mg/100g; Protein = 19.1 [17.2, 20.8] %; Omega3 = 0.135 [0.085, 0.221] g/100g; Selenium = 33.9 [18.5, 66.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 73.1 [25.6, 238.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.729 [0.483, 1.107] mg/100g (wet weight);