Dicentrarchus labrax, European seabass : fisheries, aquaculture, gamefish

Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758)

European seabass
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Dicentrarchus labrax   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Dicentrarchus labrax
Immagine di Crocetta, F.

Classificazione / Nomi Nomi Comuni | Sinonimi | Catalog of Fishes(Genere, Specie) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) > Moronidae (Temperate basses)
Etymology: Dicentrarchus: Greek, di = two + Greek, kentron = sting + Greek, archos = anus (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.

Ambiente: milieu / zona climatica / distribuzione batimetrica / gamma di distribuzione Ecologia

marino; acqua dolce; salmastro demersale; catadromo (Ref. 138297); distribuzione batimetrica 10 - 100 m (Ref. 9987). Subtropical; 8°C - 24°C (Ref. 4944); 72°N - 11°N, 19°W - 42°E (Ref. 54221)

Distribuzione Territories | Aree FAO | Ecosistemi | Presenze | Mappa dei ritrovamenti | Introduzioni | Faunafri

NE Atlantic Ocean (Morocco to Norway, including the British Isles); the Mediterranean and southern Black Sea basins; occasional records of vagrant individuals from the Baltic Sea and Atlantic coastline of North Africa as far south as Senegal; with recent records suggesting it has invaded the northern Red Sea basin via the Suez Canal.

Lunghezza alla prima maturità / Dimensione / Peso / Età

Maturità: Lm 36.1, range 23 - 46 cm
Max length : 103 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 40637); common length : 50.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 6916); peso massimo pubblicato: 12.0 kg (Ref. 1468); Età massima riportata: 30 anni (Ref. 59043)

Breve descrizione Chiavi di identificazione | Morfologia | Morfometria

Spine dorsali (totale) : 8 - 10; Raggi dorsali molli (totale) : 12 - 13; Spine anali: 3; Raggi anali molli: 10 - 12. Diagnosis: head with cycloid scales above; mouth moderately protractile (Ref. 231). Vomerine teeth only anteriorly (Ref. 231), in a crescentic band (Ref. 231, 57391). Scales on interorbital space cycloid (Ref. 57391). Posterior edge of opercle finely serrated, lower edge with strong forward- directed denticles (Ref. 231). 2 flat opercular spines (Ref. 231, 57391). Young with some dark spots on upper part of body (Ref. 231).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.

Biologia     Glossario (es. epibenthic)

Adults manifest demersal behavior, inhabit coastal waters down to about 100 m depth but more common in shallow waters (Ref. 54221, 57391). Found in the littoral zone on various kinds of bottoms on estuaries, lagoons and occasionally rivers. They enter coastal waters and river mouths in summer, but migrate offshore in colder weather and occur in deep water during winter in the northern range. Young fish form school, but adults appear to be less gregarious (Ref. 9987). Feed chiefly on shrimps and mollusks, also on fishes (Ref. 5990). Juveniles feed on invertebrates, taking increasingly more fish with age. Adults piscivorous . (Ref. 59043). Spawn in batches (Ref. 51846). Spawning takes place in the spring near the British Isles, and earlier in its southern range. Eggs are pelagic (Ref. 35388). Marketed fresh or smoked (Ref. 9987). Highly sought by sport fishermen (Ref. 30578).

Ciclo vitale e comportamento di accoppiamento Maturità | Riproduzione | Deposizione | Uova | Fecondità | Larve

Spawn in groups. Eggs are pelagic. In the Mediterranean, first sexual maturity occurs generally between 2 and 4 years of age while in the Atlantic sexual maturity happens a little later (males between 4-7 years and females between 5-8 years). Spawning happens just once a year and it tends to be in winter, although in southern areas it can occur in spring. Eggs have 1-2 fat drops that fuse about 12 hours after laying. Embryo development lasts about three days at 13-14°C and larval development about 40 days at 19°C. Egg size 1.1-1.5 mm, larval length at hatching 3 mm.

Riferimento principale Caricare le referenze | Bibliografia | Coordinatore : Heemstra, Phillip C. | Collaboratori

Smith, C.L., 1990. Moronidae. p. 692-694. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 6916)

Stato della Lista Rossa IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))

  Near Threatened (NT) (A2bcde); Date assessed: 03 March 2022

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Minaccia per l'uomo

  Harmless





Usi umani

Pesca: commerciale; Acquacoltura: commerciale; Pesce da pesca sportiva: si

Informazioni ulteriori

Ciclo di vita
Riproduzione
Maturità
Maturità/Gli occhielli sono relativi.
Fecondità
Deposizione
Aggregazioni riproduttive
Uova
Sviluppo delle uova
Larve
Dinamica popolazioni larvali
Distribuzione
Territories
Aree FAO
Ecosistemi
Presenze
Introduzioni
BRUVS - Video
Anatomia
Area branchiale
Cervello
Otolite
Fisiologia
Composizione corporea
Nutrienti
Consumo di ossigeno
Tipo di nuoto
Velocità di nuoto
Pigmenti visivi
Suono del pesce
Malattie e parassiti
Tossicità (LC50)
Genetica
Genome
Genetica
Eterozigosi
Ereditarietà
Diversità genetica
Legato all'uomo
Sistemi di acquacoltura
Profili di acquacoltura
Varietà
Casi di Ciguatera
Francobolli, monete, materiale vario.
Raggiungimento
Collaboratori
Bibliografia
Bibliografia

Strumenti

Rapporti speciali

Scarica XML

Fonti Internet

Stime basate su modelli

Indice di diversità filogenetica
(Fonte Biblio. 82804)
PD50 = 0.7656 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight a=0.00933 (0.00777 - 0.01121), b=3.02 (2.96 - 3.08), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Livello trofico
(Fonte Biblio. 69278)
3.5   ±0.50 se; based on food items.
Generation time 7.8 (5.0 - 11.0) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 33 growth studies.
Resilienza
(Fonte Biblio. 120179)
Basso, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione 4.5 - 14 anni (K=0.06-0.33; tm=2-8; tmax=30; Fec=230,000).
Rate of population increase Prior r = 0.37, 95% CL = 0.25 - 0.56, Based on 10 full stock assessments.
Vulnerabilità della pesca
(Ref. 59153)
High to very high vulnerability (66 of 100). 🛈
Vulnerabilità climatica
(Ref. 125649)
Moderate to high vulnerability (47 of 100). 🛈
Categoria di prezzo
(Ref. 80766)
Very high.
Nutrienti
(Ref. 124155)
Calcium = 37.1 [4.5, 189.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.869 [0.355, 2.011] mg/100g; Protein = 20.2 [19.3, 21.1] %; Omega3 = 0.3 [0.2, 0.5] g/100g; Selenium = 14.6 [7.0, 32.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.01 [2.63, 20.46] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.519 [0.256, 1.128] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.