分類 / 名稱 俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei > Cypriniformes (Carps) 鯉形目 (Carps) > Cobitidae (Spined loaches) 鰍科 (Spined loaches)
Etymology: Cobitis: Greek, kobitis, -idos = a kind of sardine; also related with the voice Greek, kobios, Latin gobius = gudgeon (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Etymology: Cobitis: Greek, kobitis, -idos = a kind of sardine; also related with the voice Greek, kobios, Latin gobius = gudgeon (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
環境： 環境 / 氣候帶 / 深度上下限 / 配送範圍 生態學
; 淡水 底中水層性; pH range: 7.0 - 7.7; dH range: 10 - 15; 河川洄游 (Ref. 51243). 溫帶; 14°C - 18°C (Ref. 1672); 62°N - 36°N, 7°W - 40°E
分布 領土 | FAO區域 | 生態系 | 發現紀錄 | 分布圖 | 簡介 | Faunafri
Europe and Asia: Atlantic drainages from Loire northward; Baltic basin south of 61°N; upper olga and Ural drainages; northern Black Sea basin (except Danube). Ancient records from Ardour and Garonne drainages in France require confirmation (Ref. 59043).
歐洲與亞洲: 到西伯利亞的西班牙。 在伯恩公約的附錄 3 中 (受保育的動物群).
歐洲與亞洲: 到西伯利亞的西班牙。 在伯恩公約的附錄 3 中 (受保育的動物群).
初熟時的長度 / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm 5.3, range 8 - ? cm
Max length : 13.5 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 1441); 9.5 cm SL (female); common length : 5.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 556); 最大年齡: 5 年 (Ref. 59043)
Max length : 13.5 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 1441); 9.5 cm SL (female); common length : 5.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 556); 最大年齡: 5 年 (Ref. 59043)
簡短描述 檢索表 | 型態特徵 | 形態測量圖
背棘 (總數) : 3; 背的軟條 (總數) : 6 - 8; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 5; 脊椎骨: 40 - 42. Caudal fin with 15-16 rays (Ref. 2196). Single small spot on upper caudal base. Pigmentation (Gambetta's longitudinal zone of pigmentation): zones Z1-Z4 usually well differentiated, extending backward to caudal peduncle; height of blotches of zone Z4 usually less than 2 times in their length; if more than 2 times, then height equal to or greater than horizontal eye diameter. One lamina circularis (Ref. 59043).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.
尾鰭有 15-16個鰭條。 (參考文獻 2196)
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.
尾鰭有 15-16個鰭條。 (參考文獻 2196)
Adults occur in slow-flowing and still waters with fine sandy substrate (Ref. 9696). They occur in the Baltic Sea at salinities of up to 5 ppt (Ref. 59043). Filter sand for food particles (Ref. 36876). Nocturnal, stays hidden under rocks or buried in the sand or mud during the day (Ref. 30578). Oviparous, with distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205). Spawn in spring; scatters eggs into mats of plant material (Ref. 36876). Eggs are found attached to gravel and weed in shallow, flowing water (Ref. 41678). Larvae hide under vegetation and in debris until beginning of exogenous feeding (Ref. 59043).
成魚出現在緩慢流動的與用細沙的底部靜止的水域.(參考文獻 9696) 過濾沙子作為食用魚粒子。 (參考文獻 36876) 夜行的, 躲藏在岩石下面或埋藏在砂或泥中在白天期間.(參考文獻 30578) 卵生的, 在繁殖的時候有明顯的成對。 (參考文獻 205) 產卵於春天中; 把卵散佈到叢集植物之內。 (參考文獻 36876) 卵被發現在流動的淺灘中依附於礫石與雜草。 (參考文獻 41678)
成魚出現在緩慢流動的與用細沙的底部靜止的水域.(參考文獻 9696) 過濾沙子作為食用魚粒子。 (參考文獻 36876) 夜行的, 躲藏在岩石下面或埋藏在砂或泥中在白天期間.(參考文獻 30578) 卵生的, 在繁殖的時候有明顯的成對。 (參考文獻 205) 產卵於春天中; 把卵散佈到叢集植物之內。 (參考文獻 36876) 卵被發現在流動的淺灘中依附於礫石與雜草。 (參考文獻 41678)
生命週期和交配行為 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Start of courtship is observed when both male and female swim excitedly then progresses to a chase done by the male. When movements become synchronised, the male entwines itself around the female's body, squeezing it and causing egg spawning (Ref. 58425).
Triploid females can occur; they produce triploid eggs which can develop without fertilization, but need contact with sperm to start development (gynogenesis) (Ref. 36876). Also Ref. 9953.歐洲與亞洲: 到西伯利亞的西班牙。 在伯恩公約的附錄 3 中 (受保育的動物群).
主要參考資料
上傳您的推薦信 | 參考文獻 | 合作者 | 合作者
Vostradovsky, J., 1973. Freshwater fishes. The Hamlyn Publishing Group Limited, London. 252 p. (Ref. 9696)
CITES
Not Evaluated
對人類具威脅
無害處的
人類使用
漁業: 沒有興趣; 水族館: 公眾的水族館
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |
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基於模型的估計
|
系統發育多樣性指數 (參考文獻 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
| Bayesian length-weight | a=0.00417 (0.00263 - 0.00661), b=3.14 (3.01 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245). |
|
營養階層 (參考文獻 69278) |
3.3 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives |
|
回復力 (參考文獻 120179) |
中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tm=1-2; tmax=8; K=0.29-0.59; Fec=100-1,000). |
|
釣魚的脆弱性 (Ref. 59153) |
Low to moderate vulnerability (33 of 100). 🛈 |