Taxonomic Remarks
Authorship of species is credited to Müller & Henle (1841) and not Naterrer (who collected the type specimen) as in Rosa (1985a). A widespread species that may require further subdivision after more study. Studies of its reproductive biology indicate that females attain sexual maturity between 24 and 32 cm DW (males between 20 and 30 cm DW), and may produce from three to 21 embryos per gestation (Achenbach & Achencbach, 1976) or only six or seven (Thorson et al., 1983b; these differences may be populational). Larger specimens may weigh 10 kg. This species has been captively bred in aquaria, but is still the most comercially imported species by the aquarium industry. Additional references: Bertin (1939), Castex & Castello (1970b), Achenbach & Achenbach (1976), Thorson et al. (1983b), Sérét & McEachran (1986), Ortega & Vari (1986), Paepke & Schmidt (1988), Barriga (1991), Compagno & Cook (1995), Lasso et al. (1997a), Ferreira et al. (1998), Britski et al. (1999).
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شاخص تنوع فیلوژنتیکی (مرجع 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
| Bayesian length-weight | a=0.01000 (0.00244 - 0.04107), b=3.04 (2.81 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref. 93245). |
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سطح تروفیک (مرجع 69278) |
3.2 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives |
| Generation time | 6.5 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2 growth studies. |
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جهندگی (مرجع 120179) |
پايين ، كم, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت 5/4 – 14 سال (Fec=16). |
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آسیبپذیری ماهیگیری (Ref. 59153) |
Moderate to high vulnerability (53 of 100). 🛈 |
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طبقه قيمت (Ref. 80766) |
Medium. |