Entorno: milieu / zona climática / rango de profundidad / gama de distribución
Ecología
marino; salobre asociado a arrecife; anfidromo (Ref. 51243); rango de profundidad 0 - 150 m (Ref. 5222). Tropical; 30°N - 32°S, 29°E - 173°W (Ref. 5222)
Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to Tonga, north to Japan, south to Australia. It is not known from the Persian Gulf, where the closely related Epinephelus coioides is common.
Longitud en la primera madurez / Tamaño / Peso / Edad
Madurez: Lm 64.0  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 234 cm TL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 5213); common length : 100.0 cm TL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 5213); peso máximo publicado: 150.0 kg (Ref. 9710)
Espinas dorsales (total) : 11; Radios blandos dorsales (total) : 14 - 16; Espinas anales: 3; Radios blandos anales: 8. Characterized by light grey to yellowish brown color; five slightly oblique dark brown bars that bifurcate ventrally; numerous small black spots and blotches in head and body; ctenoid scales on body except cycloid anterodorsally on body, thorax and abdomen; body with auxiliary scales; greatest depth of body 3.0-3.6 in SL; rounded caudal fin; pelvic fins, 2.0-2.6 in head length (Ref. 90102); head length 2.3-2.6 times in SL; snout length 1.7-2.0 times in upper jaw length; interorbital width 4.5-6.5 times in HL and 2.1-3.0 times in upper jaw length; flat or slightly convex interorbital area; subangular preopercle, with enlarged serrae at the angle; almost straight upper edge of operculum; subequal posterior and anterior nostrils, except in large adults which have the posterior nostrils slightly larger; maxilla reaches to or past vertical at rear edge of orbit, maxilla width 4.5-6.5% of SL; upper jaw length 17-22% of SL, 2-5 rows of teeth on midlateral part of lower jaw (Ref. 89707).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.
A common species found in a variety of habitats: coral and rocky reefs, tide pools, estuaries, mangrove swamps and sandy or mud bottom from shore to depths of 150 m. Solitary (Ref 90102). Juveniles found near shore and in estuaries; sex reversal probable; catch statistics poor being previously confused with E. andersoni (Ref. 4332). Feed primarily on fishes and crustaceans, and occasionally on cephalopods (Ref. 9710). Present in Hong Kong live fish markets (Ref. 27253). Widely used in mariculture mainly in the Far East (Ref. 43448).
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
Situación en la Lista Roja de la UICN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Amenaza para el ser humano
Harmless
Usos humanos
Pesquerías: muy comercial; Acuicultura: comercial; pesca deportiva: si
Herramientas
Informes especiales
Descargar XML
Fuentes de Internet
Estimaciones basadas en modelos
Índice de diversidad filogenética (Referencia 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.01148 (0.00999 - 0.01319), b=3.04 (3.02 - 3.06), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
Nivel trófico (Referencia 69278) |
4.2 ±0.50 se; based on food items. |
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Generation time |
1.4 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1 growth studies. |
Resiliencia (Referencia 120179) |
Bajo, población duplicada en un tiempo mínimo de 4.5-14 años (Fec = 51,087). |
Vulnerabilidad pesquera (Ref. 59153) |
Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100). 🛈 |
Categoría de precios (Ref. 80766) |
Very high.
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Nutrientes (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 16.4 [6.8, 35.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.497 [0.220, 1.121] mg/100g; Protein = 19.6 [17.9, 21.1] %; Omega3 = 0.129 [0.065, 0.254] g/100g; Selenium = 75.1 [32.6, 184.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 33.9 [6.3, 185.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.838 [0.516, 1.355] mg/100g (wet weight); |