Epinephelus marginatus, Dusky grouper : fisheries, gamefish

Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834)

Dusky grouper
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Epinephelus marginatus   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Epinephelus marginatus (Dusky grouper)
Epinephelus marginatus
Photo von Randall, J.E.

Klassifizierung / Names Namen | Synonyme | Catalog of Fishes(Gattung, Arten) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Perciformes/Serranoidei (Groupers) > Epinephelidae (Groupers)
Etymology: Epinephelus: Greek, epinephelos = cloudy (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Lowe.

Umwelt: Milieu / Klimazone / Tiefenbereich / Verbreitungsgebiet Ökologie

seewasser riff-verbunden; tiefenbereich 8 - 300 m (Ref. 27000), usually ? - 50 m (Ref. 5222). Subtropical; 54°N - 43°S, 65°W - 58°E (Ref. 5222)

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East and Southwest Atlantic and Western Indian Ocean: East Atlantic: throughout the Mediterranean Sea, and from the southern Bay of Biscay to southern tip of Africa. Stray specimens reported from the British Isles, and eastern English Channel (Normandy, France; Ref. 92236). Southwest Atlantic: southeastern Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina. Western Indian Ocean: from tip of Africa to southern Mozambique and southern Madagascar. Reported from Oman and La Reunion I.

Länge bei der ersten Reifung / Größe / Gewicht / Alter

Geschlechtsreife: Lm 49.2, range 37 - 54 cm
Max length : 150 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 12382); max. veröff. Gewicht: 60.0 kg (Ref. 5222); max. veröff. Alter: 60 Jahre (Ref. 94520)

Kurzbeschreibung Bestimmungsschlüssel | Morphologie | Morphometrie

Rückenflossenstacheln (insgesamt) : 11; Rückenflossenweichstrahlen (insgesamt) : 14 - 16; Afterflossenstacheln: 3; Afterflossenweichstrahlen: 8 - 9. Diagnosis: head and body dark reddish brown or greyish dorsally, usually yellowish gold ventrally; irregular white, pale greenish yellow or silvery grey blotches usually visible on the body and head and mostly arranged in vertical series; more or less distinct black maxillary streak; dark brown median fins; distal edge of anal and caudal fins, often also pectoral fins, narrowly white; pelvic fins blackish distally; pectoral fins dark reddish brown or grey; margin of spinous dorsal fin and basal part of the paired fins often golden yellow; head length 2.3-2.5 in SL; convex interorbital area; rounded preopercle, finely serrate, serrae at angle slightly enlarged; smooth subopercle and interopercle; eye diameter greater than or subequal to interorbital width in fish 10-30 cm SL, less than interorbital in fish over 40 cm SL; posterior and anterior nostrils subequal or posterior nostril slightly larger; maxilla naked, reaching to or slightly past vertical at rear edge of eye; 2-4 rows of subequal teeth on midlateral part of lower jaw (Ref. 89707).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.

Biologie     Fachlexikon (Englisch) (z.B. epibenthic)

Adults prefer rocky bottoms (Ref. 5222), are solitary and territorial (Ref. 12382). Juveniles are found closer to shore (Ref. 48605) in rocky tidal pools (Ref. 48609). Enters brackish environments (Ref. 57293). Mainly feed on crabs and octopi; larger individuals feed on a greater proportion of fishes, the majority of which are reef-associated species (Ref. 6842). A protogynous hermaphrodite (Ref. 55367). Mature individuals form spawning aggregations (Ref. 55367). Utilized as a food fish (Ref. 171). Readily caught by anglers (Ref. 5222). Not adapted well in an aquarium (Ref. 12382).

Lebenszyklus und Paarungsverhalten Geschlechtsreife | Fortpflanzung | Ablaichen | Eier | Fruchtbarkeit | Larven

A monandric species (Ref. 55367). In Europe, sex reversal occurs when females are about 14-17 years of age and between 80 to 90 cm TL (Ref. 51466). From another study, sex change occurs at 88 cm TL and 12 years of age (Ref. 55367), between 52-77 cm TL and 7-17 years (Ref. 94520). Protogynous hermaphrodite species, reaching its first sexual maturity as female at 5 years and becoming male after 10 years (some females remain so for some more years). Spawning happens during summer.

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Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)

IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))


CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Bedrohung für Menschen

  Harmless





Nutzung durch Menschen

Fischereien: hoch kommerziell; Sportfisch: ja
FAO - Fischereien: landings search; Publication: search | FishSource | Das Meer um uns herum

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Schätzungen auf der Grundlage von Modellen

Phylogenetischer Diversitätsindex
(Ref. 82804) 		PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight a=0.01023 (0.00662 - 0.01582), b=3.07 (2.94 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).
Trophische Ebene
(Ref. 69278) 		4.4   ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Widerstandsfähigkeit
(Ref. 120179) 		niedrig, Verdopplung der Population dauert 4,5 - 14 Jahre. (K=0.03-0.09; tmax=50; tm=7).
Rate of population increase Prior r = 0.36, 95% CL = 0.24 - 0.55, Based on 5 data-limited stock assessments.
Anfälligkeit der Fischerei
(Ref. 59153) 		High vulnerability (64 of 100). 🛈
Klimaanfälligkeit
(Ref. 125649) 		Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100). 🛈
Preiskategorie
(Ref. 80766) 		Very high.
Nährstoffe
(Ref. 124155) 		Calcium = 8.45 [3.09, 17.95] mg/100g; Iron = 0.361 [0.182, 0.786] mg/100g; Protein = 19.5 [17.9, 21.0] %; Omega3 = 0.187 [0.101, 0.362] g/100g; Selenium = 29.3 [13.7, 60.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 72 [16, 292] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.596 [0.397, 0.903] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.