Miljö: miljö / Klimatzon / djupintervall / distributionsområde
Ekologi
marina; sötvatten; brackvatten bentopelagisk; anadrom. Temperate
Arctic Ocean basin, from Ponoi (Kola Peninsula, White Sea basin) eastward to Anadyr (Siberia), Yukon (Alaska) and Mackenzie (Canada) drainages.
Längd vid första mognad / Storlek / Vikt / Ålder
Könsmognad: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 150 cm SL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 59043)
Found in the pelagic zone at the sea with salinity up to 20 ppt. Inhabits large lowland and piedmont rivers and lakes. Prefers cold water with temperatures below 16° C. Forages and overwinters in lower reaches of large rives, deltas, estuaries and sea, sometimes far from coast. Anadromous or semi-anadromous, living in some rivers and landlocked in some lakes. Undertakes migration to spawn in rivers, moving upstream for long distances, up to uppermost reaches in European rivers. Populations in the lake migrate into tributaries. Juveniles prey on mysids, insect larvae and fry, shifting exclusively to piscivory at about 30 cm SL. Actively feeds on all available fishes. Spawning takes place over shallow waters with sand-gravel bottom and 2-3 m depth (Ref. 59043).
Spawning usually takes place only 1-2 times during life, rarely 3, usually every 2-3 years (Ref. 59043).
Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof, 2007. Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043)
Status på IUCN:s rödlista (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Hot mot människor
Harmless
Mänskliga användningsområden
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Uppskattningar baserade på modeller
Index för fylogenetisk mångfald (Ref. 82804) |
PD50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.00457 (0.00194 - 0.01077), b=3.13 (2.92 - 3.34), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245). |
Trofisk nivå (Ref. 69278) |
3.6 ±0.3 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives |
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Generation time |
20.5 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1 growth studies. |
Resiliens (Ref. 120179) |
Låg, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 4,5-14 år (tm=4-16). |
Sårbarhet i fisket (Ref. 59153) |
Very high vulnerability (86 of 100). 🛈 |