分类 / 名称
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
环境:氛围 / 气候带 / 深度上下限 / 分布范围
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 深度上下限 10 - 340 m (Ref. 56504), usually 10 - 150 m (Ref. 35388). 溫帶; 71°N - 21°N, 49°W - 42°E
Eastern Atlantic: Norway to Morocco, Madeira, Iceland (Ref. 2723), including Greenland (Ref. 115160). Also known from the Mediterranean and Black Sea (Ref. 4697).
東大西洋: 挪威到摩洛哥,馬得拉群島與冰島。 也已知來自地中海與黑海。 (參考文獻 4697)
首次成熟时的长度 / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
成熟度: Lm 18.8, range 24 - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3397); common length : 30.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 4697); 最大体重: 956.00 g (Ref. 41256)
Head large without deep occipital groove. Vertebrae 37-39 (11-13 precaudal and 25-27 caudal).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.
头部大的没有深的后头骨的凹槽。 脊椎骨 37-39.(11-13 尾前椎与 25-27 尾部的)
Common on sandy grounds, sometimes on rocky bottoms, and also on mud between coastline to 140 m depth. Up to depth of 340 m in the eastern Ionian Sea (Ref. 56504). Feeds on crustaceans, mostly shrimps and shore crabs; fishes, mostly gobies, flatfish, young herring and sand eels. Makes croaking sounds (Ref. 9987). Utilized fresh and frozen; eaten fried and baked (Ref. 9987).
常见于沙的地面, 有时在岩石底部上, 以及在海岸线之间的泥上对 140 公尺深。 在爱奥尼亚的海洋东部中提高到深度 340 公尺。 (参考文献 56504) 吃甲壳动物, 大部份虾与海岸螃蟹; 鱼, 大部份鰕虎鱼,比目鱼, 幼鱼鲱鱼与沙子鳗鱼。 制造嗄嗄叫声音。 (参考文献 9987) 生鲜使用与冷冻; 油炸后食用与烧烤.(参考文献 9987)
The young are pelagic until attaining a length of 3 cm. 東大西洋: 挪威到摩洛哥,馬得拉群島與冰島。 也已知來自地中海與黑海。 (參考文獻 4697)
Bauchot, M.-L., 1987. Poissons osseux. p. 891-1421. In W. Fischer, M.L. Bauchot and M. Schneider (eds.) Fiches FAO d'identification pour les besoins de la pêche. (rev. 1). Méditerranée et mer Noire. Zone de pêche 37. Vol. II. Commission des Communautés Européennes and FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3397)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
人类利用
渔业: 商业性
工具
特别资料
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网络资源
基于模型的估算
系统发育多样性指数 (参考文献 82804) |
PD50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.00661 (0.00554 - 0.00789), b=3.06 (3.01 - 3.11), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
营养阶层 (参考文献 69278) |
3.9 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies. |
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Generation time |
6.9 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2 growth studies. |
回复力 (参考文献 120179) |
低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.16; tm=3-4; tmax=21; Fec=200,000). |
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Rate of population increase |
Prior r = 0.74, 95% CL = 0.49 - 1.10, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment. |
渔业脆弱性 (Ref. 59153) |
High vulnerability (55 of 100). 🛈 |
气候脆弱性 (Ref. 125649) |
Low to moderate vulnerability (27 of 100). 🛈 |
价格分类 (Ref. 80766) |
High.
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营养素 (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 42.8 [23.8, 88.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.431 [0.232, 0.773] mg/100g; Protein = 17.6 [15.9, 19.4] %; Omega3 = 0.682 [0.312, 1.889] g/100g; Selenium = 21.1 [10.6, 47.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 12.8 [4.8, 37.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.494 [0.355, 0.707] mg/100g (wet weight); |