分類 / 名稱 俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei > Gymnotiformes (Knifefishes) 電鰻目 (Knifefishes) > Gymnotidae (Naked-back knifefishes) 裸背電鰻科 (Naked-back knifefishes) > Gymnotinae
Etymology: Gymnotus: Greek, gymnos = naked (Ref. 45335).
Etymology: Gymnotus: Greek, gymnos = naked (Ref. 45335).
環境： 環境 / 氣候帶 / 深度上下限 / 配送範圍 生態學
; 淡水 底中水層性.
分布 領土 | FAO區域 | 生態系 | 發現紀錄 | 分布圖 | 簡介 | Faunafri
South America: Paraná River and Uruguay River basins.
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
簡短描述 檢索表 | 型態特徵 | 形態測量圖
臀鰭軟條: 141 - 259. Gymnotus cuia differs from the most similar sympatric G. c. australis by the following characters: shorter head length (8%-12.2% TL, mean 10.9% TL, vs. 11.7%-14.0% TL, mean 12.9% TL); deeper body (body depth 85.4%-133.3% HL, mean 110.6% HL vs. 67.0%-98.8% HL, mean 87.9% HL); and deeper head (head depth 61.9%-80.2% HL, mean 68.5% HL vs. 51.2%-64.6% HL, mean 59.7% HL). It can be distinguished from another similar sympatric species G. omarorum by having more anal-fin pterygiophore scales (6-10, mode 8 vs. 5-6, mode 6); more pored lateral-line scales anterior to the first ventral lateral-line ramus (32-47, mode 37 vs. 23-30, mode 27); and fewer ventral lateral-line rami (14-28, mode 22 vs. 28-30, mode 29). It further differs from all other members of the G. carapo clade in having a color patter consisting of 21-29 (mode 28) obliquely-oriented, chocolate-colored bands with wavy, irregular margins and pale interbands less than one-third width of dark bands at mid-body (vs. bands interrupted into patches anterodorsally, with silver, blue or green metallic countershading on dorsum of adults of G. arapaima, dark bands lost in large adults (>25.0 cm) of G. ardilai, small, rounded dark spots over entire body except posterior 20% of some specimens of G. bahianus, bands faint or absent in all specimens of G. chimarrao, one to three inverted Y-shaped dark bands posteriorly and pale bands not reaching above lateral line in anterior two thirds of body of G. choco, bands broken into speckles throughout in G. diamantinensis, narrow pale bands (<20% width of dark bands) with sharp margins, and pale bands extending fully to dorsal mid-line in G. mamiraua, bands faint or absent from 80% of dorsum in all specimens, and narrow pale bands (<20% width of dark bands) which never extend above lateral line on anterior half of body in G. pantanal, pale bands wider than dark bands in G. sylvius, narrow pale interbands (<33% width of dark bands) extending above lateral line and often to dorsal midline in G. ucamara. It can be further diagnosed from all members of the G. varzea clade (G. chaviro, G. curupira, G. mamiraua, G. obscurus, and G. varzea) by the following characters: relatively more arrowhead-shaped dentary teeth (6 vs. 2-4 in the G. varzea clade except in G. chaviro, G. curupira and G. mamiraua, with 4-7); anterior 80% of anal fin membrane pigmented, posterior 20% translucent (vs. wholly clear or evenly pigmented in the G. varzea clade); and large adult total length (30.5 cm TL vs. 21.5 cm-27.5 cm TL in the G. varzea clade) (Ref. 118108).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.
Facultative air-breathing in the genus (Ref. 126274); Occurs in lakes and small streams with dense vegetation. Found in abundance in a shallow lake with depth of less than 1 m. dense emergent vegetation, and abundant grass in the shores. Usually abundant in the roots of dense beds of floating water hyacinth Eichornia crassipes throughout its range. Reproductive cycle occurs in November-March (Ref. 118108).
生命週期和交配行為 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
主要參考資料
上傳您的推薦信 | 參考文獻 | 合作者 : Campos-da-Paz, Ricardo | 合作者
Craig, J.M., L.R. Malabarba, W.G.R. Crampton and J.S. Albert, 2018. Revision of banded knifefishes of the Gymnotus carapo and G. tigre clades (Gymnotidae Gymnotiformes) from the Southern Neotropics. Zootaxa 4379(1):47-73. (Ref. 118108)
CITES
Not Evaluated
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人類使用
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更多資訊
解剖學
鰓區
腦部
耳石
鰓區
腦部
耳石
生理學
身體成分
營養素
耗氧量
游泳類型
游泳速度
視覺色素
魚聲
疾病與寄生蟲
毒性 (LC50s)
身體成分
營養素
耗氧量
游泳類型
游泳速度
視覺色素
魚聲
疾病與寄生蟲
毒性 (LC50s)
遺傳學
基因組
遺傳學
異種性
遺傳率
遺傳多樣性
基因組
遺傳學
異種性
遺傳率
遺傳多樣性
工具
特別的報告
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網路資源
AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | 檢查 FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: 屬, 種 | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | 國家資料庫 | OneZoom | Open Tree of Life | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | TreeBase | 樹狀分類階層 | Wikipedia: 去, 搜尋 | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoobank | 動物學的記錄
基於模型的估計
|
系統發育多樣性指數 (參考文獻 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
| Bayesian length-weight | a=0.00427 (0.00202 - 0.00902), b=2.98 (2.79 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245). |
|
營養階層 (參考文獻 69278) |
3.3 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives |
|
回復力 (參考文獻 120179) |
高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.). |
|
釣魚的脆弱性 (Ref. 59153) |
Low to moderate vulnerability (27 of 100). 🛈 |