Gadus morhua, Atlantic cod : fisheries, aquaculture, gamefish

Gadus morhua Linnaeus, 1758

Atlantic cod
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Gadus morhua   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Gadus morhua
Foto de Morris, P.

Clasificación / Nombres Nombres comunes | Sinónimos | Catalog of Fishes(Género, Especie) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Gadiformes (Cods) > Gadidae (Cods and haddocks)
Etymology: Gadus: Latin, gadus = a fish, cod? (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.

Entorno: milieu / zona climática / rango de profundidad / gama de distribución Ecología

marino; salobre bentopelágico; oceanodromo (Ref. 51243); rango de profundidad 0 - 600 m (Ref. 1371), usually 150 - 200 m (Ref. 54441). Temperate; 0°C - 15°C; 83°N - 37°N, 76°W - 86°E

Distribución Territorios | Áreas FAO | Ecosistemas | Ocurrencias, apariciones | Mapa de puntos | Introducciones | Faunafri

North Atlantic and Arctic: Ungava Bay, Canada south to Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. East and west coast of Greenland; around Iceland; from Barents Sea including the region around Bear Island along the European coast to Bay of Biscay, and Kara Sea. Introduced in the Mediterranean.

Longitud en la primera madurez / Tamaño / Peso / Edad

Madurez: Lm 65.4, range 31 - 74 cm
Max length : 200 cm TL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 1371); common length : 100.0 cm TL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 1371); peso máximo publicado: 96.0 kg (Ref. 9988); edad máxima reportada: 25 años (Ref. 173)

Descripción breve Claves de identificación | Morfología | Morfometría

Espinas dorsales (total) : 0; Radios blandos dorsales (total) : 44 - 55; Espinas anales: 0; Radios blandos anales: 33 - 45; Vértebra: 51 - 55. Protruding upper jaw, a conspicuous barbel on the lower jaw, and light lateral line, curved above the pectoral fins. Predorsal distance is less than one third of total length; body depth about 1/5 of total length. Color varies from brownish to greenish or gray dorsally and on upper sides, becoming pale and silvery ventrally. Peritoneum silvery.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: oval.

Biología     Glosario (por ej. epibenthic)

Widely distributed in a variety of habitats, from the shoreline down to the continental shelf. Juveniles prefer shallow (less than 10-30 m depth) sublittoral waters with complex habitats, such as seagrass beds, areas with gravel, rocks, or boulder, which provide protection from predators (Refs. 89383, 89384). Adults are usually found in deeper, colder waters. During the day, form schools and swim about 30-80 m above the bottom, dispersing at night to feed (Ref. 1371, 89385). Omnivorous; feed at dawn or dusk on invertebrates and fish, including young cod. (Ref. 1371). Migrate between spawning, feeding and overwintering areas, mostly within the boundaries of the respective stocks. Migrations >200 km are rare occurrences (Refs. 89386, 89387). Marketed fresh, dried or salted, smoked and frozen; eaten steamed, fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988).

Ciclo vital y comportamiento de apareamiento Madurez | Reproducción | Puesta | Huevos | Fecundidad | Larva

Spawning occurs in winter and beginning of spring, where big schools are formed. Spawning sites are in offshore waters, at or near the bottom, in 50-200 m depth and 0-12 °C (preferred range 0-6°C) (Refs. 1371, 89387). May form spawning aggregations in the water column when bottom temperatures are unsuitable (Ref. 1371). Different spawning areas may be used in subsequent years (Ref. 89387). Embryo development lasts about 14 days (at 6°C) and larval phase lasts about 3 months(at 8°C). Fecundity ranges from 2.5 million eggs in a 5 kg female to a record of 9 million eggs in a 34 kg female. Reported number of batches spawned in an experiment is 8 - 22 (Ref. 5513). Sex ratio is nearly 50%, with slight predominance of females. Classified as a determinate multiple spawner (Ref. 40290). Older and larger cod had been found to produce larger eggs with neutral buoyancy at lower salinities. This can be crucial to egg and larval survival (Refs. 31930, 38384). Larvae are pelagic up to 2.5 months before settling on the bottom (Ref. 1371). In the Baltic, spawning cumulates in March at depths below 20 m near the bottom. The nursery areas are in the inner coastal zone. Recruitment to the fished stock starts below 2 years and peaks at about 3 years of age (Ref. 5947).

Referencia principal Suba sus referencias | Referencias | Coordinador | Colaboradores

Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)

Situación en la Lista Roja de la UICN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))

  Vulnerable (VU) (A1bd); Date assessed: 01 August 1996

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Amenaza para el ser humano

  Harmless





Usos humanos

Pesquerías: muy comercial; Acuicultura: comercial; pesca deportiva: si
FAO - Sistemas de acuicultura: perfil de la especie, production search; pesquerías: perfil de la especie, landings search; Publication: search | FIRMS - Stock assessments | FishSource | Sea Around Us

Herramientas

Cuestionario orgánico | Libro electrónico | Guía de campo | Claves de identificación | Asistente para frecuencias de tallas | Herramienta de ciclo de vida | Mapa de puntos | Catch-MSY |

Informes especiales

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Página de resumen | Datos específicos | Nombres comunes | fotos

Fuentes de Internet

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: Género, Especie | DiscoverLife | DORIS | ECOTOX | FAO - Sistemas de acuicultura: perfil de la especie, production search; pesquerías: perfil de la especie, landings search; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | Bases de datos nacionales | OceanAdapt | OneZoom | Open Tree of Life | OsteoBase: skull, spine | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | Acuarios públicos | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | RFE Identification | Socotra Atlas | TreeBase | Árbol de la vida | Wikipedia: Go, búsqueda | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoobank | Expediente Zoológico

Estimaciones basadas en modelos

Índice de diversidad filogenética
(Referencia 82804) 		PD50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight a=0.00676 (0.00606 - 0.00754), b=3.08 (3.05 - 3.11), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Nivel trófico
(Referencia 69278) 		4.1   ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time 7.7 (7.1 - 9.2) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 57 growth studies.
Resiliencia
(Referencia 120179) 		Medio, población duplicada en un tiempo mínimo de 1.4-4.4 años (rm=0.2-1.1; also (Ref. 36717)).
Rate of population increase Prior r = 0.51, 95% CL = 0.34 - 0.76, Based on 66 full stock assessments.
Vulnerabilidad pesquera
(Ref. 59153) 		High to very high vulnerability (65 of 100). 🛈
Vulnerabilidad climática
(Ref. 125649) 		Moderate vulnerability (39 of 100). 🛈
Categoría de precios
(Ref. 80766) 		Medium.
Nutrientes
(Ref. 124155) 		Calcium = 9.58 [5.33, 15.04] mg/100g; Iron = 0.125 [0.070, 0.223] mg/100g; Protein = 17.5 [16.2, 18.8] %; Omega3 = 0.533 [0.234, 1.174] g/100g; Selenium = 15.4 [7.3, 33.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 10.7 [2.4, 46.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.422 [0.309, 0.573] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.