Protomelas krampus

Protomelas krampus Dierickx & Snoeks, 2020

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Image of Protomelas krampus
No image available for this species;
drawing shows typical species in Cichlidae.

رده بندی / نام‌ها اسامي عام | مترادف | Catalog of Fishes(جنس, گونه ها) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Cichliformes (Cichlids, convict blennies) > Cichlidae (Cichlids) > Pseudocrenilabrinae
Etymology: Protomelas: Greek, protos = the first + Greek, melas, melanos = black (Ref. 45335)krampus: The specific name, 'krampus', is a noun in apposition and was chosen in reference to the European folklore character Krampus; this demon puts naughty children in a bag and takes them away, which is reminiscent of a paedophagous behaviour; the goat-like appearance of Krampus also implicitly refers to the head-butting behaviour of this species; the same implicit reference to this behaviour is also found in the genus name Caprichromis of other paedophagous species of Lake Malawi (Ref. 122325).

محیط زیست: محیط زیست / منطقه آب و هوایی / تغييرات عمق / محدوده توزیع بوم شناسي

; آب شيرين موجوداتی که در محدوده وسیعی از آبهای آزاد از نزدیک بستر و یا روی کف بستر، در قسمت های میان آبی تا سطح آب و در برخی گونه ها با قابلیت پرواز، زندگی و تغذیه می کنند.. Tropical

پراكنش سرزمین‌ها | مناطق سازمان خوار و بار جهاني (FAO) | اکوسیستم‌ها | ظهور | نقشه نقطه ای | معرفي | Faunafri

Africa: Lake Malawi (Ref. 122325).

اندازه / وزن / سن

بلوغ: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 18.1 cm SL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 122325)

توصيف مختصر كليدهاي شناسايي | ريخت شناسي | ريخت ستجي بوسيله انداره گيري

خارهاي باله پشتي (کل) : 17; شعاع نرم باله پشتي (کل) : 11 - 12; شعاع نرم باله مخرجي: 9 - 10; مهره ها: 31 - 32. Diagnosis: Protomelas krampus differs from most species of Protomelas, i.e. P. annectens, P. fenestratus, P. kirkii, P. labridens, P. macrodon, P. marginatus, P. pleurotaenia, P. similis, P. spilonotus, P. taeniolatus, P. triaenodon and P. virgatus, by having only one inner tooth row, whereas the other species have two rows (Ref. 122325). It can be distinguished from P. spilopterus by a shorter premaxillary pedicel, 17.0-19.2% of head length vs. 21.8-28.4%; a larger gape inclination, 70-80° vs. 40-60°; a shallower body, 33.3-34.3% of standard length vs. 36.0-42.8%; a smaller predorsal distance, 27.4-29.1% of standard length vs. 33.4-37.4%; a smaller prepectoral distance, 29.4-29.8% of standard length vs. 31.8-40.0%; a shorter and more slender head, its length 27.8-29.2% of standard length vs. 30.4-34.6%, and width 39.3-40.3% of head length vs. 41.4-50.7%; and a smaller interorbital width, 22.9-23.4% of head length vs. 25.0-33.6%; in addition, it has more gill rakers on the outer epibranchial than P. spilopterus, 5 vs. 3-4, and more vertebrae, 31-32 vs. 29; the inner teeth are tricuspid in P. krampus while mixed unicuspid/tricuspid or unicuspid in P. spilopterus; the outer teeth of the lower jaw of P. krampus are oriented straight up, whereas those of P. spilopterus are angled forward (Ref. 122325). It differs from P. insignis by a shorter premaxillary pedicel, 17.0-19.2% of head length vs. 27.9-30.0%; a deeper cheek, 31.6-40.2% of head length vs. 23.2-28.5%; the larger gape inclination, 70-80° vs. 30°; a smaller predorsal distance, 27.4-29.1% of standard length vs. 34.2-35.9%; a smaller prepectoral distance, 29.4-29.8% of standard length vs. 32.7-35.4%; a shorter and more slender head, its length 27.8-29.2% of standard length vs. 31.6-34.3%, and width 39.3-40.3% of head length vs. 41.3-44.8%; a shallower lacrimal, 19.6-20.4% of head length vs. 21.4-22.4%; a smaller interorbital width, 22.9-23.4% of head length vs. 26.9-32.8%; and a longer lower jaw, 37.7-38.8% of head length vs. 31.2-37.3%; the upper jaw has fewer outer teeth in P. krampus than in P. insignis, 37-40 vs. 43-50; outer lower jaw teeth are straight in P. krampus but curved inwards in P. insignis (Ref. 122325). It differs from both species of the genus Hemitaeniochromis by its continuous midlateral stripe, which places it in Protomelas, whereas H. urotaenia and H. brachyrhynchus have an anteriorly spotted stripe (Ref. 122325). It differs from the paedophagous species of the genus Caprichromis by its melanin pattern: it has a midlateral band from behind the opercle to the base of the caudal fin, whereas species of Caprichromis have a diagonal stripe from the nape to the base of the caudal fin (Ref. 122325). It differs from Diplotaxodon greenwoodi by the lack of a melanin pattern in the latter species; it has isognathous jaws, whereas D. greenwoodi has a protruding lower jaw (Ref. 122325). Protomelas krampus differs from Naevochromis chrysogaster by its melanin pattern, which consists of three large spots on the lateral sides in the latter instead of a continuous midlateral line; it has a more strongly inclined gape than N. chrysogaster; and it has only one inner tooth row on the lower jaw, whereas N. chrysogaster has two (Ref. 122325).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.

زيست شناسي     واژه نامه (بعنوان مثال epibenthic)

This species is observed feeding on eggs and fry while stealing them from mouth-brooding females of other cichlid species; the paedophage rams these females from above on the snout and the brooding females may release some eggs or larvae upon this impact; the brood can then be snatched by Protomelas krampus (Ref. 122325). The inclined position of the mouth enables the fish to immediately grab the brood since it is already in a good position relative to the prey after ramming from above (Ref. 122325).

چرخه زندگی و رفتار جفت‌گیری بلوغ | تولید مثل | تخم ریزی | تخم ها | باروری | توزاد ( لارو)

مآخذ اصلی مراجع خود را بارگذاری کنید | مراجع | هماهنگ كننده : Kullander, Sven O. | همكاران

Dierickx, K. and J. Snoeks, 2020. Protomelas krampus, a new paedophagous cichlid from Lake Malawi (Teleostei, Cichlidae). Eur. J. Taxon. 672:1-18. (Ref. 122325)

وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))


CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

خطر برای انسان ها

  Harmless





استفاده انسانی

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

اطلاعات بيشتر

بوم‌شناسی گرمسیری
اقلام غذایی (طعمه‌ها)
تركيب غذايي
مصرف غذايي
جیره غذایی
شکارچیان
بوم شناسي
بوم شناسي
پویایی جمعیت
پارامترهای رشد
حداکثر سن/اندازه
نسبت طول-وزن.
طول-طول نسبی.
نوسانات طولی
تبدیل انبوه
بازسازی
فراواني
چرخه زندگی
تولید مثل
بلوغ
بلوغ/آبشش‌ها
باروری
تخم ریزی
تجمعات تخم‌ریزی
تخم ها
نمو تخم
توزاد ( لارو)
پويايي لاروي
آناتومی
منطقه آبششي
مغز
اتولیت
فیزیولوژی
ترکیب بدن
مواد مغذی
مصرف اکسیژن
نوع شنا
سرعت شنا
رنگدانه‌های بصری
صدای ماهی
بیماری‌ها و انگل‌ها
سمیت (LC50s)
ژنتيك
ژنوم
ژنتيك
هتروزیگوسیتی
وارث
تنوع ژنتیکی
مرتبط با انسان
سیستم‌های آبزی‌پروری
نمايه هاي آبزي پروري
نژادها
موارد سیگواترا
تمبر، سکه، متفرقه.
اطلاع رسانی
همكاران
طبقه‌بندی
اسامي عام
مترادف
ريخت شناسي
ريخت ستجي بوسيله انداره گيري
عکس ها
مراجع
مراجع

ابزارها

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منابع اينترنتي

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | فيش واچر را ببينيد | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: جنس, گونه ها | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | OneZoom | Open Tree of Life | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | TreeBase | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: برو, جستجو | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoobank | سوابق جانورشناسی

تخمین‌ها بر اساس مدل‌ها

شاخص تنوع فیلوژنتیکی
(مرجع 82804)
PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight a=0.00389 (0.00180 - 0.00842), b=3.12 (2.94 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref. 93245).
سطح تروفیک
(مرجع 69278)
3.3   ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
جهندگی
(مرجع 120179)
زياد, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت ، كمتر از 15 ماه (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
آسیب‌پذیری ماهیگیری
(Ref. 59153)
Low to moderate vulnerability (26 of 100). 🛈