Epinephelus awoara (Temminck & Schlegel, 1842)
Yellow grouper
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| Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050 |
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| This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed. |
| Epinephelus awoara AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS |
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Epinephelus awoara
拍攝者 Caron Wong@114°E Hong Kong Reef Fish Survey
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拍攝者 Caron Wong@114°E Hong Kong Reef Fish Survey
分類 / 名稱 俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei > Perciformes/Serranoidei (Groupers) > Epinephelidae (Groupers)
Etymology: Epinephelus: Greek, epinephelos = cloudy (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Temminck & Schlegel.
Etymology: Epinephelus: Greek, epinephelos = cloudy (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Temminck & Schlegel.
環境： 環境 / 氣候帶 / 深度上下限 / 配送範圍 生態學
分布 領土 | FAO區域 | 生態系 | 發現紀錄 | 分布圖 | 簡介 | Faunafri
Northwest Pacific: Korea, Japan, Taiwan, China, Viet Nam, and islands in the South China Sea.
西北太平洋: 韓國，日本，台灣，中國，越南與南中國海的島群。
西北太平洋: 韓國，日本，台灣，中國，越南與南中國海的島群。
初熟時的長度 / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm ?, range 16 - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5222); common length : 30.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9137)
Max length : 60.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5222); common length : 30.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9137)
簡短描述 檢索表 | 型態特徵 | 形態測量圖
背棘 (總數) : 11; 背的軟條 (總數) : 15 - 16; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 8. Distinguished by the following characteristics: head and body pale greyish brown dorsally, usually golden yellow ventrally; 4 broad dark bars on the dorsal part of the body, one on caudal peduncle and another often visible on nape; numerous small yellow spots on head and body; body and median fins with small greyish white spots; soft dorsal and caudal fins and sometimes the anal fin, with prominent yellow margin; dusky yellow paired fins; yellow mustache in the maxillary groove; body depth 2.7-3.3 times in SL; head length 2.3-2.6 times in SL; convex interorbital area; strongly convex dorsal head profile; subangular preopercle, 2-5 strong spines at the angle; upper edge of operculum straight, uppermost spine rudimentary; maxilla reaches about to vertical at rear edge of eye; 2 rows of small, subequal teeth on midlateral part of lower jaw; caudal fin convex; lateral body scales distinctly ctenoid, with auxiliary scales in fish larger than 30 cm SL; pyloric caeca 12, in 3 bundles (Ref. 089707).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Occurs in rocky areas as well as on sandy-mud bottoms. Juveniles are common in tide pools. In captivity, the species is aggressive, chasing and biting other species, especially members of its own species. Protogynous hermaphrodite (Ref. 5222). Artificial fertilization of eggs was done and the longest survival time for the larvae was 15 days (Ref. 6780). In Hong Kong live fish markets (Ref. 27253).
出現於岩石區以及沙泥底。 稚魚常見於潮池。 在繁殖場，此魚種是侵略性,追而且咬其他的種, 尤其同種的其他魚。 雌性先熟的雌雄同體.(參考文獻 5222) 卵的人工受精被做，而且給仔魚的最長的生存時間是 15 天。 (參考文獻 6780) 在香港活魚販售。 (參考文獻 27253)
出現於岩石區以及沙泥底。 稚魚常見於潮池。 在繁殖場，此魚種是侵略性,追而且咬其他的種, 尤其同種的其他魚。 雌性先熟的雌雄同體.(參考文獻 5222) 卵的人工受精被做，而且給仔魚的最長的生存時間是 15 天。 (參考文獻 6780) 在香港活魚販售。 (參考文獻 27253)
生命週期和交配行為 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
西北太平洋: 韓國，日本，台灣，中國，越南與南中國海的島群。
主要參考資料
上傳您的推薦信 | 參考文獻 | 合作者 | 合作者
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
CITES
Not Evaluated
對人類具威脅
無害處的
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 養殖: 商業性
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource | 周邊海洋
更多資訊
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網路資源
AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | 檢查 FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: 屬, 種 | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | 國家資料庫 | OneZoom | Open Tree of Life | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | TreeBase | 樹狀分類階層 | Wikipedia: 去, 搜尋 | World Records Freshwater Fishing | 動物學的記錄
基於模型的估計
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系統發育多樣性指數 (參考文獻 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
| Bayesian length-weight | a=0.01096 (0.00641 - 0.01876), b=3.04 (2.90 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245). |
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營養階層 (參考文獻 69278) |
3.6 ±0.55 se; based on food items. |
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回復力 (參考文獻 120179) |
高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (Fecundity = 24,329). |
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釣魚的脆弱性 (Ref. 59153) |
Moderate to high vulnerability (49 of 100). 🛈 |
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價格種類 (Ref. 80766) |
Very high. |
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營養素 (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 25.4 [12.5, 56.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.474 [0.258, 0.967] mg/100g; Protein = 18.4 [16.9, 19.8] %; Omega3 = 0.113 [0.070, 0.180] g/100g; Selenium = 34.9 [21.0, 62.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 167 [47, 594] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.34 [0.94, 1.87] mg/100g (wet weight); |