البيئة: الوسط / المنطقة المناخية / نطاق العمق / نطاق التوزيع
البيئة
بحري القاع; نطاق العمق 20 - 240 m (Ref. 89707). Tropical; 33°N - 23°S, 35°W - 143°E (Ref. 5222)
Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea, Persian Gulf, Gulf of Oman, Pakistan, India, Viet Nam, Hong Kong, China, Korea, southern Japan, Taiwan, and northwest Australia. Unknown from the east coast of Africa, islands of the Indian Ocean, Indonesia, Philippines, or New Guinea.
الطول عند النضج الأول / الحجم / وزن / العمر
النضج: Lm ?, range 86 - ? cm
Max length : 137 cm SL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 4787); common length : 70.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 5450); أعلا وزن تم نشرة: 58.6 kg (Ref. 4787)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 11; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 12 - 14; شوكة شرجية: 3; أشعه شرجية لينه: 8. Distinguished by the following characteristics: juveniles are lavender-grey or pale brownish, shading to white ventrally; 2 black-edged white longitudinal bands, upper band extending from above the eye to the anterior dorsal-fin rays, and the lower band from below the eye to the lower band from below the eye to the lower caudal-fin rays; black spots and streaks on dorsal and caudal fins; head and body of large adults, uniformly grey; body depth contained 2.9-3.4 times in SL; head length 2.3-2.6 times in SL; convex interorbital area, convex dorsal head profile; angular preopercle, 3-7 distinctly enlarged serrae at angle; distinctly convex upper edge of operculum; subequal anterior and posterior nostrils; maxilla reaches past vertical at rear edge of eye; 2-3 rows of teeth on midlateral part of lower jaw (Ref. 89707).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.
Seems to prefer continental localities; bottoms of low relief. Large individuals are taken on coarse sand or rocky areas, while the smaller ones live on silty-sand and muddy bottom. Also caught throughout the year by long-liners (Ref. 5222).
دورة الحياة وسلوك التزاوج
النضج | التكاثر | وضع البيض | بيض | الخصوبة | اليرقات
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
حالة القائمة الحمراء للاتحاد الدولي لحفظ الطبيعة والموارد الطبيعية (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: تجاري
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
تنزيل XML
مصادر علي الأنترنت
تقديرات تستند إلى النماذج
مؤشر التنوع الشُعبي الوراثي (مرجع 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.01230 (0.00769 - 0.01967), b=3.04 (2.91 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245). |
مستوى غذائي (مرجع 69278) |
4.0 ±0.65 se; based on food items. |
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Generation time |
11.0 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2 growth studies. |
المرونه (مرجع 120179) |
منخفض, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 4.5-14 سنة (tmax=30). |
ضعف الصيد (Ref. 59153) |
Very high vulnerability (77 of 100). 🛈 |
فئة السعر (Ref. 80766) |
Very high.
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المغذيات (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 54.2 [22.6, 119.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.854 [0.376, 2.031] mg/100g; Protein = 18.1 [16.5, 19.6] %; Omega3 = 0.206 [0.104, 0.397] g/100g; Selenium = 97.8 [46.3, 245.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 21 [5, 85] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.873 [0.536, 1.456] mg/100g (wet weight); |