Epinephelus multinotatus (Peters, 1876)
White-blotched grouper
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| Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050 |
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| This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed. |
| Epinephelus multinotatus AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS |
分类 / 名称 俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei > Perciformes/Serranoidei (Groupers) > Epinephelidae (Groupers)
Etymology: Epinephelus: Greek, epinephelos = cloudy (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Peters.
Etymology: Epinephelus: Greek, epinephelos = cloudy (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Peters.
环境：氛围 / 气候带 / 深度上下限 / 分布范围 生态学
海洋 礁区鱼类; 深度上下限 1 - 110 m (Ref. 89707). 熱帶; 30°N - 27°S, 33°E - 136°E
分布 领土 | FAO区域 | 生态系 | 标本纪录 | 分布图 | 简介 | Faunafri
Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf to southern Mozambique and eastward to Western Australia. Not known from the Red Sea.
印度洋: 波斯灣到莫三比克南部與向東至西澳大利亞。 已知不來自紅海。
印度洋: 波斯灣到莫三比克南部與向東至西澳大利亞。 已知不來自紅海。
首次成熟时的长度 / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
成熟度: Lm ? range ? - 50 cm
Max length : 100.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5222); common length : 75.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5450); 最大体重: 9.0 kg (Ref. 3132)
Max length : 100.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5222); common length : 75.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5450); 最大体重: 9.0 kg (Ref. 3132)
简单描述 检索表 | 型态特徵 | 形态测量图
背棘 (总数) : 11; 背的软条 (总数) : 15 - 17; 臀棘: 3; 臀鳍软条: 8. Distinguished by the following characteristics: color is dark purplish gray with scattered irregular whitish spots and blotches which are faint or absent in preserved fish; ctenoid body scales except cycloid dorsoanteriorly below anterior half of spinous dorsal fin, thorax, abdomen and above anterior anal fin; body with numerous auxiliary scales; greatest depth of body 2.5-3.0 in SL; slightly emarginate to truncate caudal fin; short pelvic fins, 1.7-2.3 in head length (Ref. 90102); head length 2.4-2.7 times in SL; distinctly convex interorbital, slightly convex dorsal head profile; subangular preopercle, shallow notch just above the angle, serrae at angle not or slightly enlarged; upper edge of operculum straight; posterior nostrils of adults is twice the size of anterior nostrils; maxilla reaches vertical at rear edge of eye or thereabouts; ventral edge of maxilla of adults with distinct step distally; 2 rows of teeth on midlateral part of lower jaw (Ref. 89707).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: oval.
色彩是深色的带紫色的灰色有分散的不规则的微白色的斑点与斑块那是模糊的或者不存在于保存的标本。
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: oval.
色彩是深色的带紫色的灰色有分散的不规则的微白色的斑点与斑块那是模糊的或者不存在于保存的标本。
Inhabit clear to turbid water in shallow as well as deep water (Ref. 4787). Juveniles are found in inshore coral reefs (Ref. 5222). They feed in water to more than 100 m depth (Ref. 27275). It has been suggested that juveniles mimic the herbivorous damselfish Neopomacentrus sindensis, presumably to get closer to their unsuspecting prey (Ref. 5222, 9710). Feed on small fishes and crabs. Probably spawn during restricted periods and form aggregations when doing so (Ref. 27352). Eggs and early larvae are probably pelagic (Ref. 6390). Solitary (Ref 90102).
在浅滩中栖息于清澈至浑浊的水以及深水域.(参考文献 4787) 稚鱼被发现于近萨达姆瑚礁。 (参考文献 5222) 他们在水到超过 100 公尺深中觅食。 (参考文献 27275) 它有被显示出拟态被可能的食草的雀鲷 辛德新雀鲷［Neopomacentrus sindensis］ 的稚鱼更靠近他们的未察觉猎物.(参考文献 5222,9710) 捕食小鱼与螃蟹。 在限制的期间可能产卵而且形成鱼群当这么做的时候.(参考文献 27352) 卵与初生仔鱼可能大洋性。 (参考文献 6390)
在浅滩中栖息于清澈至浑浊的水以及深水域.(参考文献 4787) 稚鱼被发现于近萨达姆瑚礁。 (参考文献 5222) 他们在水到超过 100 公尺深中觅食。 (参考文献 27275) 它有被显示出拟态被可能的食草的雀鲷 辛德新雀鲷［Neopomacentrus sindensis］ 的稚鱼更靠近他们的未察觉猎物.(参考文献 5222,9710) 捕食小鱼与螃蟹。 在限制的期间可能产卵而且形成鱼群当这么做的时候.(参考文献 27352) 卵与初生仔鱼可能大洋性。 (参考文献 6390)
生命周期和交配行为 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Rock cod are protogynous hermaphrodites.印度洋: 波斯灣到莫三比克南部與向東至西澳大利亞。 已知不來自紅海。
主要参考文献
上传您的参考资料 | 参考文献 | 合作者 | 合作者
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
CITES
Not Evaluated
对人类的威胁
无害处的
人类利用
渔业: 商业性
FAO - 渔业: landings search; Publication: search | FishSource | 周边海洋
更多信息
解剖学
鳃区
大脑
耳石
鳃区
大脑
耳石
生理学
身体成分
营养素
耗氧量
游泳类型
游泳速度
视觉色素
鱼声
疾病与寄生虫
毒性（半数致死浓度）
身体成分
营养素
耗氧量
游泳类型
游泳速度
视觉色素
鱼声
疾病与寄生虫
毒性（半数致死浓度）
遗传学
基因组
遗传学
异质性
遗传率
基因多样性
基因组
遗传学
异质性
遗传率
基因多样性
工具
特别资料
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网络资源
AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | 核实 FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: 属, 种 | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - 渔业: landings search; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | OneZoom | Open Tree of Life | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | TreeBase | 树状分类阶层 | Wikipedia: 转至, 搜寻 | World Records Freshwater Fishing | 动物学的记录
基于模型的估算
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系统发育多样性指数 (参考文献 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
| Bayesian length-weight | a=0.00955 (0.00553 - 0.01649), b=3.01 (2.87 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245). |
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营养阶层 (参考文献 69278) |
3.9 ±0.66 se; based on food items. |
| Generation time | 4.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2 growth studies. |
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回复力 (参考文献 120179) |
中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.27). |
| Rate of population increase | Prior r = 0.57, 95% CL = 0.37 - 0.85, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment. |
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渔业脆弱性 (Ref. 59153) |
Moderate vulnerability (39 of 100). 🛈 |
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气候脆弱性 (Ref. 125649) |
Very high vulnerability (82 of 100). 🛈 |
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价格分类 (Ref. 80766) |
Very high. |
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营养素 (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 19.7 [9.8, 42.9] mg/100g; Iron = 0.456 [0.240, 0.931] mg/100g; Protein = 18.7 [17.2, 20.1] %; Omega3 = 0.12 [0.07, 0.19] g/100g; Selenium = 48.1 [27.5, 89.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 106 [30, 362] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.01 [0.71, 1.45] mg/100g (wet weight); |