(كوسه ها و سپرماهيان) (sharks and rays) >
Rajiformes (Skates and rays) >
Rajidae (Skates)
Etymology: Leucoraja: Greek, leykos = white + Latin, raja = a fish, Raja sp. (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
محیط زیست: محیط زیست / منطقه آب و هوایی / تغييرات عمق / محدوده توزیع
بوم شناسي
دريايي موجوداتی که در اعماق زیر 200 متر زندگی و تغذیه می کنند; تغييرات عمق 30 - 600 m (Ref. 106604). Deep-water; 72°N - 27°N, 24°W - 34°E
Eastern Atlantic: Murmansk in Russia, Norway, southern Iceland, the Faroes, northern North Sea and Skagerrak to northern Morocco, including western Mediterranean and the Madeira Islands.
طول در اولین بلوغ / اندازه / وزن / سن
بلوغ: Lm ?, range 75 - ? cm
Max length : 120 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 106604); 111.0 cm TL (female)
خارهاي باله پشتي (کل) : 0; خارهاي باله مخرجي: 0. Snout pronounced, rather pointed; disc rhomboid, with angled outer corners upper surface entirely spinulose, underside prickly on large areas; about 8 thorns usually in a complete row around inner margin of eye, small thorns on scapular, generally a row of about 50 thorns on each side of midline from shoulder to first dorsal fin; upper surface plain ashy-grey, underside white (Ref. 3167).
Body shape (shape guide): other; Cross section: flattened.
Found in relatively cold coastal waters and on upper parts of continental slopes (Ref. 3167). Most common at depths of around 200 m, but deeper in southern areas (Ref. 3167); possibly down to 800 m (Ref. 131089). Feed on all kinds of bottom animals, probably preferring fish (Ref. 3167). Oviparous. Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Eggs are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited in sandy or muddy flats (Ref. 205). Egg capsules are 7.5-9.9 cm long and 4.5-4.7 cm wide (Ref. 41250). Maximum length for female is 111 cm (Ref. 41333).
چرخه زندگی و رفتار جفتگیری
بلوغ | تولید مثل | تخم ریزی | تخم ها | باروری | توزاد ( لارو)
Oviparous, paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205).
McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn, 1998. Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
خطر برای انسان ها
Harmless
استفاده انسانی
ماهي گيري – شيلات: ارزش تحاري اندك
ابزارها
گزارش های ويژه
بارگيری XML
منابع اينترنتي
تخمینها بر اساس مدلها
شاخص تنوع فیلوژنتیکی (مرجع 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.00339 (0.00168 - 0.00682), b=3.25 (3.08 - 3.42), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245). |
سطح تروفیک (مرجع 69278) |
3.5 ±0.37 se; based on food items. |
جهندگی (مرجع 120179) |
پايين ، كم, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت 5/4 – 14 سال (Assuming tm>5). |
آسیبپذیری ماهیگیری (Ref. 59153) |
High to very high vulnerability (67 of 100). 🛈 |
آسیبپذیری اقلیمی (Ref. 125649) |
Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100). 🛈 |
طبقه قيمت (Ref. 80766) |
Low.
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مواد مغذی (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 3.69 [0.55, 69.61] mg/100g; Iron = 0.283 [0.028, 3.709] mg/100g; Protein = 15.3 [13.2, 17.3] %; Omega3 = 0.379 [0.153, 0.945] g/100g; Selenium = 16.4 [3.0, 77.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 3.67 [0.27, 48.17] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.269 [0.018, 3.165] mg/100g (wet weight); |