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Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) >
Achiridae (American soles)
Etymology: Apionichthys: Greek, apion = pear + Greek, ichthys = fish; it also exists "a-pion", no fatty (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Auguste Henri André Duméril (1812–1870), was a physician and zoologist like his father (see next entry) and followed much in his father’s footsteps. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Kaup.
Lingkungan: lingkungan / zona iklim / kisaran kedalaman / jangkauan distribusi
Ekologi
laut; air tawar; payau dasar (demersal); amphidromus (Ref. 36798). Tropical
Western Atlantic: estuarine areas of the Orinoco (Venezuela), Corantijn (Suriname), Oyapock, Amazon and Grajaú (Brazil) rivers, and from marine areas under influence of these rivers. Enters low land freshwaters - there are records from Jari River (Brazil) and Corantijn River (Suriname).
Ukuran / Berat / umur
Kematangan: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 13.1 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 80009); common length : 11.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 5217)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 0; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 57 - 75; Duri dubur: 0; Sirip dubur lunak: 40 - 55; vertebrata, bertulang belakang: 34 - 38. Nostril diameter 1.5-2 times orbital diameter; color pattern consisting of a light brown background with irregular, scattered dark brown blotches, the largest ones 2-7 times interorbital space; caudal fin pointed (median rays proportionally longer than external ones); presence of gill openings on both eyed sides; absence of scales on the interorbital space (Ref. 49504).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.
Rare. Adults occur over sandy-muddy bottoms of the littoral zone and estuaries. Little is known of its biology (Ref. 35237). Maximum length reported to reach 15 cm TL (Ref. 5217).
Ramos, R.T.C., 2003. Systematic review of Apionichthys (Pleuronectiformes: Achiridae), with description of four new species. Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 14(2):97-126. (Ref. 49504)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: komersial; Akuarium: Komersial
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimasi berdasarkan model
Indeks keanekaragaman filogenetik (Acuan 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.00417 (0.00168 - 0.01037), b=3.10 (2.88 - 3.32), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245). |
Tingkat Trofik (Acuan 69278) |
3.3 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives |
Daya lenting (Acuan 120179) |
Tinggi, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum kurang dari 15 bulan (Preliminary K or Fecundity.). |
Kerentanan Penangkapan Ikan (Ref. 59153) |
Low vulnerability (21 of 100). 🛈 |
kategori harga (Ref. 80766) |
Very high.
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