Elasmobranchii (haaien en roggen) (sharks and rays) >
Torpediniformes (Electric rays) >
Narkidae (Sleeper rays)
Eponymy: Major-General Thomas Hardwicke (1756–1835) served in the Bengal army of the Honourable East India Company. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Gray.
Milieu: milieu / Klimaatzone / Diepte / verspreidingsgebied
Ecologie
marien demersaal. Tropical; 13°N - 2°N, 92°E - 111°E (Ref. 114953)
Eastern Indian Ocean and North-West Pacific; Thailand to Vietnam, including Malaysia.
Lengte bij maturiteit / Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturiteit: Lm 11.5, range 11 - 12 cm
Max length : 46.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 9913)
Found in continental waters, both inshore and offshore (Ref. 9913); primarily inshore on soft substrates (Ref. 114953). Probably feeds on small benthic invertebrates. Females reported to produce 4 pups a litter (Ref. 114953). Biology little known (Ref. 9913). Maturity size of males reaches at 8-10 cm TL (Ref. 114953).
Levenscyclus en paargedrag
Maturiteit | Voortplanting | Paaien | Eieren | Fecunditeit | Larven
Compagno, L.J.V. and P.R. Last, 1999. Narkidae. Sleeper rays. p. 1443-1446. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9913)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Gevaar voor de mens
Other
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: commercieel; Aquarium: Publieke aquaria
Tools
Speciale rapporten
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Internetbronnen
Schattingen op basis van modellen
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref. 82804) |
PD50 = 1.0002 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.01000 (0.00244 - 0.04107), b=3.04 (2.81 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref. 93245). |
Trofisch niveau (Ref. 69278) |
3.3 ±0.3 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives |
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref. 120179) |
laag, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 4,5-14 jaar (Assuming fecundity<100). |
Kwetsbaarheid van de visserij (Ref. 59153) |
Low vulnerability (24 of 100). 🛈 |
Prijsklasse (Ref. 80766) |
Unknown.
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