分类 / 名称 俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei > Cypriniformes (Carps) > Leuciscidae (Minnows) > Leuciscinae
Etymology: Rutilus: Latin, rutilus = reddish (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Lacepède.
Etymology: Rutilus: Latin, rutilus = reddish (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Lacepède.
环境：氛围 / 气候带 / 深度上下限 / 分布范围 生态学
; 淡水 底中水层性; pH range: 7.3 - 8.0; dH range: 15 - 30. 溫帶; 5°C - 20°C (Ref. 12468); 50°N - 44°N, 7°E - 20°E
分布 领土 | FAO区域 | 生态系 | 标本纪录 | 分布图 | 简介 | Faunafri
Europe: Northern Adriatic basin from Livenza to Po drainages, Lakes Maggiore, Lugano and Como (Italy, Switzerland). Introduced in Arno.
歐洲: 生活在義大利北部的大湖與河與在多瑙河的中上游中。 在伯恩公約的附錄 3 中 (受保育的動物群).
歐洲: 生活在義大利北部的大湖與河與在多瑙河的中上游中。 在伯恩公約的附錄 3 中 (受保育的動物群).
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
成熟度: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 45.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 59043); common length : 25.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 556); 最大体重: 2.0 kg (Ref. 96829); 最大年龄: 9 年 (Ref. 96829)
Max length : 45.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 59043); common length : 25.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 556); 最大体重: 2.0 kg (Ref. 96829); 最大年龄: 9 年 (Ref. 96829)
简单描述 检索表 | 型态特徵 | 形态测量图
Distinguished from its congeners in Apennine Peninsula by having the following unique characters: peritoneum black; and breeding males with two horizontal rows of distinct and separate tubercles on side of head above eye, lower one with 8-11 tubercles, upper one with 3-6 tubercles (tubercles reddish brown in ethanol); tubercles on body and head conical, sharply pointed, pointed slightly forward, occupying about 1/3 of exposed area of scale. Can be further separated from other species of the genus in Apennine Peninsula by the combination of the following characters: 43-46 + 3 scales along lateral line; dorsal fin with 10½ branched rays; anal fin with 11½ branched rays; mouth inferior; body laterally compressed, maximum width about 50% of body depth; iris silvery; flanks golden bronze in life, marbled with darker patches; and snout conical (Ref. 59043).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Inhabits deep waters of large, subalpine lakes and large to medium sized rivers. Occurs in small groups. Feeds in invertebrates, algae and detritus. Moves to shallow parts of rivers to spawn (Ref. 59043). Threatened due to overfishing and construction of weirs, which block access to spawning sites (Ref. 59043) and the introduction of two alien species (European roach, Rutilus rutilus and European nase, Chondrostoma nasus) (Ref. 96829). Sexual maturity is attained at age 3+ or 4+ in males and 5+ in females at about 28-33 cm SL. Spawning occurs in April and May (Ref. 96829). Reaches a maximum size of about 45 cm SL (Ref. 59043).
生活在缓慢流动的河与在湖的较深的部分中。 在一般浅水区中的杂草之中产卵四月到五月时。 每个母鱼生下依据大小而定的 35,000-60,000个卵。 这一个鱼吃蠕虫，软件动物，甲壳动物与相当多量的植物。
生活在缓慢流动的河与在湖的较深的部分中。 在一般浅水区中的杂草之中产卵四月到五月时。 每个母鱼生下依据大小而定的 35,000-60,000个卵。 这一个鱼吃蠕虫，软件动物，甲壳动物与相当多量的植物。
生命周期和交配行为 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Each female lays 35,000-60,000 eggs depending on size (Ref. 6111).歐洲: 生活在義大利北部的大湖與河與在多瑙河的中上游中。 在伯恩公約的附錄 3 中 (受保育的動物群).
主要参考文献
上传您的参考资料 | 参考文献 | 合作者 | 合作者
Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof, 2007. Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
易受伤害 (VU) (A2ace); Date assessed: 06 February 2024
CITES
Not Evaluated
对人类的威胁
无害处的
人类利用
渔业: 没有兴趣
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |
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基于模型的估算
|
系统发育多样性指数 (参考文献 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5020 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
| Bayesian length-weight | a=0.00724 (0.00357 - 0.01471), b=3.14 (2.97 - 3.31), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245). |
|
营养阶层 (参考文献 69278) |
3.1 ±0.38 se; based on food items. |
|
回复力 (参考文献 120179) |
非常低的, 最小族群倍增时间超过14 年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.). |
|
渔业脆弱性 (Ref. 59153) |
Low to moderate vulnerability (34 of 100). 🛈 |