Пластиножаберные (акулы и скаты) (sharks and rays) >
Carcharhiniformes (Ground sharks) >
Sphyrnidae (Hammerhead, bonnethead, or scoophead sharks)
Etymology: Sphyrna: Probable misspelling of sphyra (Gr.), hammer, referring to their hammer-shaped heads (See ETYFish); tiburo: From tiburon, Spanish for shark, a name given by 16th- and 17th-century navigators to one or more large species of shark (See ETYFish).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Taxonomic Remarks
Sphyrna vespertina in the Eastern Pacific Ocean and Sphyrna alleni from Belize to Brazil, WA (Ref. 132488).
Окружающая среда: среда / климатическая зона / пределы глубины / диапазон распространения
экология
морской; солоноватоводный ассоциированный с рифами; oceano-estuarine (Ref. 87829); пределы глубины 10 - 80 m (Ref. 244). Subtropical; 45°N - 36°S, 121°W - 32°W (Ref. 55302)
Western Atlantic: North Carolina, U.S to Belize. Species complex with Sphyrna vespertina in the Eastern Pacific Ocean and Sphyrna alleni from Belize to Brazil, WA (Ref. 132488).
Длина при первой зрелости / Размер / Вес / Возраст
половая зрелость: Lm 85.0, range 80 - 90 cm
Max length : 150 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 5217); common length : 80.0 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 5217); наибольший вес (опубликованные данные): 10.8 kg (Ref. 40637); наибольший возраст (опубликованны данные): 12 годы (Ref. 26248)
Front of head semicircular in outline. No other hammerhead has front of head in semicircle. (Ref. 26938).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.
Found on the continental and insular shelves, on inshore and coastal areas, over mud and sand bottoms, also on coral reefs. Often occur in shallow water including estuaries, shallow bays and over coral reefs (Ref. 9987). Also found in mangrove areas (Ref. 138854). Spends night time hours on shallow grass flats, searching for nocturnally active invertebrate prey, moves into deeper water during the day (Ref. 27549). Adults feed mainly on crustaceans, also on bivalves, octopi, and small fish. However, this is the first shark species to demonstrate omnivorous digestive strategy (Ref. 118574). It has been shown through digestability analyses that bonnetheads have enzymes that can digest seagrass organic matter with at least moderate efficiency (Ref. 118574). Viviparous, with 6 to 9 young per litter. Size at birth about 35 to 40 cm. Not territorial. Always occurs in small groups. Considerable sexual segregation occurs. Shows diel rhythm of activity. Utilized for human consumption and processed for fishmeal.
Viviparous, placental (Ref. 50449), with 6 to 9 young per litter. Size at birth about 35 to 40 cm.
Gonzalez, C., B. Postaire, W. Driggers, S. Caballero and D, Chapman, 2024. Sphyrna alleni sp. nov., a new hammerhead shark (Carcharhiniformes, Sphyrnidae) from the Caribbean and the Southwest Atlantic. Zootaxa 5512(4):491-511. (Ref. 132488)
Статус Красного Списка МСОП (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Угроза для людей
Harmless
Использование человеком
рыболовство: коммерческий; объект спортивного рыболовства: да
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Оценки, основанные на моделях
Индекс филогенетического разнообразия (ссылка 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5006 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.00204 (0.00115 - 0.00362), b=3.10 (2.94 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245). |
Трофический уровень (ссылка 69278) |
3.9 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies. |
устойчивость к внешним воздействиям (ссылка 120179) |
очень низкий, минимальное время удвоения популяции более 14 лет (K=0.17-0.34; tm=3; tmax=12; Fec=3). |
Уязвимость рыбной ловли (Ref. 59153) |
High vulnerability (57 of 100). 🛈 |
Категория цены (Ref. 80766) |
High.
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Питательные вещества (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 6.95 [1.35, 35.56] mg/100g; Iron = 0.372 [0.090, 1.111] mg/100g; Protein = 21.3 [19.1, 23.4] %; Omega3 = 0.115 [0.044, 0.282] g/100g; Selenium = 15.4 [4.2, 49.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 16.5 [4.9, 59.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.52 [0.24, 1.15] mg/100g (wet weight); |