Meio ambiente: milieu / Zona climática / intervalo de profundidade / faixa de distribuição
Ecologia
marinhas; estuarina pelagic-oceanic; oceanódromo (Ref. 71039); intervalo de profundidade 1 - 150 m (Ref. 28173). Tropical; 56°N - 30°S, 92°W - 42°E
Atlantic Ocean: in tropical and subtropical waters, including the Mediterranean, Black Sea, Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico. Highly migratory species
Comprimento de primeira maturação / Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturidade: Lm 41.8  range ? - 60 cm
Max length : 122 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 26340); common length : 80.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 5217); peso máx. publicado: 16.5 kg (Ref. 40637); idade máx. registrada: 10 anos (Ref. 28173)
Espinhos dorsais (total) : 15 - 16; Raios dorsais (total) : 11 - 13; Espinhos anais: 0; Raios anais : 11 - 15; Vértebras: 39. Anterior spines of first dorsal fin much higher than the those mid-way, giving the fin a strongly concave outline. Interpelvic process small and bifid. Body naked except for corselet and lateral line. Swim bladder absent. Incipient protuberances on 33rd and 34th vertebrae. Back with broken oblique stripes (Ref. 168). Caudal peduncle with 7-8 finlets. Dark stripes on the back and with 3-7 dark spots between pelvic and pectoral fins (Ref. 35388).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: oval.
Found in neritic waters close inshore (Ref. 13628). This schooling species is an opportunistic predator which feeds on virtually everything within its range, i.e. crustaceans, fishes (mainly clupeoid), squids, heteropods and tunicates. Eggs and larvae are pelagic (Ref. 6769). Specialized traps (madragues) are used in Tunisia and Morocco. Diving bird flocks may indicate large schools (Ref. 9710). Utilized fresh, dried-salted, smoked, canned and frozen (Ref. 9987). A popular game fish (Ref. 9710).
Eggs are shed in several batches when the water is warmest.
Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137 p. (Ref. 168)
Status na Lista Vermelha da UICN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Ameaça para os humanos
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 30303)
Uso pelos humanos
Pescarias: espécies comerciais; peixe esportivo: sim
Ferramentas
Relatórios especiais
Baixar XML
Fontes da internet
Estimativas baseadas em modelos
Índice de diversidade filogenética (Ref. 82804) |
PD50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.01000 (0.00866 - 0.01155), b=3.06 (3.02 - 3.10), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
Nível Trófico (Ref. 69278) |
4.5 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies. |
Resiliência (Ref. 120179) |
médio(a), tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 1,4 - 4,4 anos (K=0.13-0.22; tm=2; tmax=8; Fec=71,000). |
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Rate of population increase |
Prior r = 0.57, 95% CL = 0.37 - 0.85, Based on 5 data-limited stock assessments. |
Vulnerabilidade da pesca (Ref. 59153) |
Moderate vulnerability (41 of 100). 🛈 |
Vulnerabilidade climática (Ref. 125649) |
Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100). 🛈 |
Categoria de preço (Ref. 80766) |
Medium.
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Nutrientes (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 15.6 [6.9, 118.0] mg/100g; Iron = 1.86 [0.70, 4.94] mg/100g; Protein = 23.1 [21.1, 24.8] %; Omega3 = 0.228 [0.133, 0.398] g/100g; Selenium = 58.4 [30.9, 111.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 24.3 [5.5, 105.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.487 [0.245, 1.888] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |