Lingkungan: lingkungan / zona iklim / kisaran kedalaman / jangkauan distribusi
Ekologi
laut; payau dasar (demersal); kisaran kedalaman 1 - 53 m (Ref. 9710). Subtropical; 46°N - 45°S, 98°W - 33°W
Western Atlantic: Canada (Ref. 5951) to Maine to Florida, USA (possibly from Nova Scotia, Canada), along coasts of central and south America (Ref. 26938) to Uruguay, including Bermuda and Gulf of Mexico (Ref. 9626). Rare in Greater Antilles (Ref. 26938).
Ukuran / Berat / umur
Kematangan: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 48.3 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 9626); common length : 35.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 5217); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 2.1 kg (Ref. 40637)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 9; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 23; Duri dubur: 3; Sirip dubur lunak: 18. Pelvic fin small.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Adults are found in shallow coastal waters, usually over hard or sandy bottoms. Juveniles may be encountered in estuarine areas (Ref. 9626) and off sandy beaches (Ref. 5217). Found in schools, but may be encountered in small groups or in pairs (Ref. 26235). Adults feed on small crabs, shrimps, fishes, and worms. Flesh has excellent flavor (Ref. 5521). Marketed fresh (Ref. 9710).
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
ancaman kepada manusia
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 30911)
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: nilai komersial kecil; Ikan buruan: ya; Akuarium: Akuarium publik
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimasi berdasarkan model
Indeks keanekaragaman filogenetik (Acuan 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
|
Bayesian length-weight
|
a=0.01288 (0.01148 - 0.01446), b=2.95 (2.92 - 2.98), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
Tingkat Trofik (Acuan 69278) |
4.3 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies. |
Daya lenting (Acuan 120179) |
sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (Preliminary K or Fecundity.). |
Kerentanan Penangkapan Ikan (Ref. 59153) |
Low to moderate vulnerability (32 of 100). 🛈 |
kategori harga (Ref. 80766) |
Medium.
|
Nutrisi (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 98.3 [55.1, 209.5] mg/100g; Iron = 1.33 [0.75, 2.58] mg/100g; Protein = 19.2 [17.4, 21.5] %; Omega3 = 0.43 [0.26, 0.73] g/100g; Selenium = 22 [12, 45] μg/100g; VitaminA = 10 [3, 30] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.709 [0.507, 1.020] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |