Miljö: miljö / Klimatzon / djupintervall / distributionsområde
Ekologi
marina; brackvatten bottenlevande; djupintervall 1 - 53 m (Ref. 9710). Subtropical; 46°N - 45°S, 98°W - 33°W
Western Atlantic: Canada (Ref. 5951) to Maine to Florida, USA (possibly from Nova Scotia, Canada), along coasts of central and south America (Ref. 26938) to Uruguay, including Bermuda and Gulf of Mexico (Ref. 9626). Rare in Greater Antilles (Ref. 26938).
Storlek / Vikt / Ålder
Könsmognad: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 48.3 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 9626); common length : 35.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 5217); publicerad maxvikt: 2.1 kg (Ref. 40637)
Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 9; Mjukstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 23; Taggstrålar i analfenan: 3; Mjukstrålar i analfenan: 18. Pelvic fin small.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Adults are found in shallow coastal waters, usually over hard or sandy bottoms. Juveniles may be encountered in estuarine areas (Ref. 9626) and off sandy beaches (Ref. 5217). Found in schools, but may be encountered in small groups or in pairs (Ref. 26235). Adults feed on small crabs, shrimps, fishes, and worms. Flesh has excellent flavor (Ref. 5521). Marketed fresh (Ref. 9710).
Livscykel och parningsbeteende
Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Ägg | Fekunditet | Larver
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
Status på IUCN:s rödlista (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Hot mot människor
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 30911)
Mänskliga användningsområden
Fiskeri: mindre kommeriell; sportfisk: ja; Akvarium: Offentliga akvarier
Verktyg
Särskilda rapporter
Ladda ner XML
Internet-källor
Uppskattningar baserade på modeller
Index för fylogenetisk mångfald (Ref. 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
|
Bayesian length-weight
|
a=0.01288 (0.01148 - 0.01446), b=2.95 (2.92 - 2.98), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
Trofisk nivå (Ref. 69278) |
4.3 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies. |
Resiliens (Ref. 120179) |
Mellan, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 1,4-4,4 år (Preliminary K or Fecundity.). |
Sårbarhet i fisket (Ref. 59153) |
Low to moderate vulnerability (32 of 100). 🛈 |
Priskategori (Ref. 80766) |
Medium.
|
Näringsämnen (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 98.3 [55.1, 209.5] mg/100g; Iron = 1.33 [0.75, 2.58] mg/100g; Protein = 19.2 [17.4, 21.5] %; Omega3 = 0.43 [0.26, 0.73] g/100g; Selenium = 22 [12, 45] μg/100g; VitaminA = 10 [3, 30] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.709 [0.507, 1.020] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |