分类 / 名称
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Beloniformes (Needle fishes)
頜針魚目 (Needle fishes) >
Belonidae (Needlefishes)
頜針魚科 (Needlefishes)
Etymology: Xenentodon: Greek, xenos = strange + Greek, odous = teeth (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Hamilton.
环境:氛围 / 气候带 / 深度上下限 / 分布范围
生态学
; 淡水; 半咸淡水 pelagic-neritic; pH range: 7.0 - 7.5; dH range: 20 - ?; 非迁移的 (Ref. 126106); 深度上下限 0 - 2 m (Ref. 58302). 熱帶; 22°C - 28°C (Ref. 1672); 38°N - 5°N
Asia: Sri Lanka and India eastward to the Mekong.
亞洲: 斯里蘭卡與印度向東至湄公河。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
成熟度: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 4833); common length : 30.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 4833)
背棘 (总数) : 0; 背的软条 (总数) : 15 - 18; 臀棘: 0; 臀鳍软条: 16 - 18. Body very elongate and slightly compressed. Dorsal fin inserted usually anterior to a vertical through the origin of the anal fin. Green-silvery dorsally, grading to whitish below. A silvery band with a dark margin run along the side; a series of four or five blotches (absent in young specimens) on sides between the pectoral and anal fins. Dorsal and anal fins with dark edges.
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.
身体非常长与些微扁长形。 背鳍插入点通常位于一个垂直的经过臀鳍起点前。 绿色的-银色的背面, 渐层色到腹面略白的。 一条银色的条纹具有一个沿着侧边的深色边; 在胸鳍与臀鳍之间的侧边上的一系列的四或五个斑块 (不存在于幼小的标本)。 背鳍与臀鳍有深色的边缘。
Adults occur primarily in rivers (Ref. 4833); also in ponds, canals, beels, and inundated fields (Ref. 1479). Often found in slow-flowing pools in rivers with a rock or sand substrate (Ref. 6028). They inhabit large and medium-sized rivers with adults occurring in areas that lack floating vegetation (Ref. 12693). A solitary species that swims in midwater, usually against the current, and is capable of bursts of speed, especially when in pursuit of its prey. Observed to feed exclusively on crustaceans in the wild; but take live fish only when in an aquarium (Ref. 6028). Also feeds on small fishes and insects (Ref. 12693). Oviparous (Ref. 205). Eggs may be found attached to objects in the water by tendrils on the egg's surface (Ref. 205). This fish is capable of nipping the fingers or killing a person by leaping at them at great speed (Ref. 6028; Kullander (pers. comm., 2001), however, suggests that the "killing a person" statement may be exaggerated). Marketed fresh (Ref. 12693).
主要地在河中生存;(参考文献 4833) 也在池塘,管, beels 与浸水的田地中.(参考文献 1479) 时常发现于在河中的缓慢流动的水池具有一个岩石或沙子底部.(参考文献 6028) 栖息于大而中等大小的河成鱼形成缺乏漂浮的植物的区域.(参考文献 12693) 在中层水域中的游泳, 通常逆着水流, 而且能够快速冲出的一种独居性鱼, 尤其当追逐它的猎物。 观察在荒野中只吃甲壳动物; 但是带活的鱼只有当在一个水族馆的时候.(参考文献 6028) 也吃小鱼与昆虫。 (参考文献 12693) 卵生的.(參考文獻 205) 卵可能被發現於在卵的表面上的捲鬚水依附於目標。 (參考文獻 205) 這一個魚能夠刺穿手指或殺害一個人藉由跳躍在他們以大的速度 (參考文獻 6028; Kullander(pers. comm。, 2001),然而,顯示出那 " 殺害一個人 " 陳述可能是誇大的). 在市場上銷售生鮮地了。 (參考文獻 12693)
生命周期和交配行为
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Male pursues a slow-moving female and upon catching up with the female, will begin shuddering from side to side while the pair is oriented parallel to each other; the pair positions themselves close to submerged vegetation; male assumes a slight head-down position , with his anal fin curled under the female's vent; the pair begins trembling until a single large egg is released; each female produces about a dozen eggs per day; eggs hatch in about a week; no parental care (Ref. 44091).亞洲: 斯里蘭卡與印度向東至湄公河。
Talwar, P.K. and A.G. Jhingran, 1991. Inland fishes of India and adjacent countries. Volume 2. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, i-xxii + 543-1158, 1 pl. (Ref. 4833)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 水族馆: 潜在的
工具
特别资料
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网络资源
基于模型的估算
系统发育多样性指数 (参考文献 82804) |
PD50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.00115 (0.00094 - 0.00140), b=3.12 (3.06 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
营养阶层 (参考文献 69278) |
3.9 ±0.62 se; based on food items. |
回复力 (参考文献 120179) |
高度, 族群倍增时间少于 15个月 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.). |
渔业脆弱性 (Ref. 59153) |
Low vulnerability (22 of 100). 🛈 |
价格分类 (Ref. 80766) |
High.
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营养素 (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 284 [95, 708] mg/100g; Iron = 0.8 [0.4, 1.6] mg/100g; Protein = 16.7 [15.3, 18.3] %; Omega3 = 0.205 [0.082, 0.602] g/100g; Selenium = 36.6 [14.8, 85.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 43.9 [18.2, 104.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.72 [1.04, 2.47] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |