Ambiente: milieu / zona climática / intervalo de profundidade / gama de distribuição
Ecologia
marinhas; Água doce; estuarina pelagic-neritic; anádromo (Ref. 126106); intervalo de profundidade 1 - 70 m (Ref. 189). Subtropical; 44°N - 36°S, 98°W - 32°W (Ref. 189)
Western Atlantic: Massachusetts, USA perhaps occasionally straying north to Maine or even Nova Scotia (Canada), south to Fort Pierce, Florida (but not Florida Keys) and at least northern Gulf of Mexico; also from Gulf of Venezuela south to Uruguay. Replaced by Anchoa colonensis in the West Indies.
Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturidade: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 15.3 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 37032); common length : 11.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 5217)
Espinhos dorsais (total) : 0; Raios dorsais moles (total) : 14 - 17; Espinhos anais: 0; Raios anais moles: 20 - 24. Snout pointed, about 3/4 eye diameter; maxilla long, tips pointed, reaching beyond hind border of pre-operculum, almost to gill opening; gill cover canals of panamensis-type. Anal fin origin below about midpoint of dorsal fin base. Anus nearer to anal fin origin than to pelvic fin tips. Silver stripe along flank (a dark line above) of uniform width, narrowed immediately behind band (Ref. 189). Back greenish, some yellowish on head. Melanophores outline all dorsal scales (Ref. 7251).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated; Cross section: oval.
Adults form dense schools, often in shallow waters close to shore. They are able to tolerate a wide range of salinities, from hypersaline to almost fresh. Adults feed on copepods when young, then on gastropods, foraminifers and an occasional ostracods and annelid. Breeding was recorded in April through to July at Beaufort, North Carolina. Breeding takes place in harbors, estuaries and sounds. Eggs are elliptical, transparent, without oil globule, the yolk appearing `cellular' (Ref. 189). Great variation. Principal parasites are nematodes and cestodes (Scolex polymorphus and Rhynchobothrium sp.) and trematodes (Distomum appendiculatum and Distomum sp). Marketed as food (Ref. 37032).
Spawn in school (Ref. 205).
Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/2):305-579. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 189)
Categoria na Lista Vermelha da IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Ameaça para o homem
Harmless
Utilização humana
Pescarias: pouco comercial; isco: usually
Ferramentas
Relatórios especiais
Descarregue XML
Fontes da internet
Estimativas baseadas em modelos
Índice de diversidade filogenética (Ref. 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.00513 (0.00410 - 0.00642), b=3.16 (3.12 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
Nível Trófico (Ref. 69278) |
3.3 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies. |
Resiliência (Ref. 120179) |
Elevada, tempo mínimo de duplicação da população menor que 15 meses (tm=1; Fec=5700). |
Vulnerabilidade da pesca (Ref. 59153) |
Low vulnerability (16 of 100). 🛈 |
Vulnerabilidade climática (Ref. 125649) |
Low vulnerability (21 of 100). 🛈 |
Categoria de preço (Ref. 80766) |
Medium.
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Nutrientes (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 187 [107, 388] mg/100g; Iron = 1.73 [0.91, 3.05] mg/100g; Protein = 18.1 [15.8, 20.8] %; Omega3 = 0.514 [0.268, 0.972] g/100g; Selenium = 20.3 [9.1, 47.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 11.2 [3.4, 32.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.4 [1.0, 2.1] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |