Umwelt: Milieu / Klimazone / Tiefenbereich / Verbreitungsgebiet
Ökologie
seewasser; brackwasser pelagic-neritic; tiefenbereich 0 - 142 m (Ref. 96339). Tropical; 31°N - 14°S, 115°W - 76°W (Ref. 189)
Eastern Pacific: San Juanico Bay, northern Gulf of California southward to Callao, Peru and perhaps further south. The record from Santa Margarita Island on the Pacific coast of Baja California, Mexico is based solely on the now lost type of Stolephorus cultratus.
Länge bei der ersten Reifung / Größe / Gewicht / Alter
Geschlechtsreife: Lm 6.0  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 17.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 96339); common length : 8.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 55763); max. veröff. Gewicht: 26.90 g (Ref. 130775)
Rückenflossenstacheln (insgesamt) : 0; Afterflossenstacheln: 0; Afterflossenweichstrahlen: 20 - 25. Fairly elongate. Snout long, about 3/4 eye diameter or more; maxilla long, tip pointed, reaching almost to gill opening; gill cover canals of panamensis-type; pseudobranch longer than eye diameter, with 30 or more filaments, extending onto inner face of operculum. Anal fin origin under or just behind base of last dorsal fin ray. Silver stripe along flank about eye diameter.
Body shape (shape guide): elongated; Cross section: oval.
A schooling species occurring in coastal waters, near shores, entering bays and tolerating some lowering of salinity. Spawns throughout the year, but more intensively in the warmer months. The eggs are oval. The most important tuna baitfish in Manta, Ecuador.
Lebenszyklus und Paarungsverhalten
Geschlechtsreife | Fortpflanzung | Ablaichen | Eier | Fruchtbarkeit | Larven
Spawns more intensively in the warmer months (Ref. 189). Spawn in school (Ref. 205).
Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/2):305-579. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 189)
IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Bedrohung für Menschen
Harmless
Nutzung durch Menschen
Fischereien: weniger kommerziell; Köder: usually
Tools
Zusatzinformationen
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Internet Quellen
Schätzungen auf der Grundlage von Modellen
Phylogenetischer Diversitätsindex (Ref. 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.00447 (0.00242 - 0.00825), b=3.21 (3.05 - 3.37), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245). |
Trophische Ebene (Ref. 69278) |
3.4 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives |
Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref. 120179) |
hoch, Verdopplung der Population dauert weniger als 15 Monate. (Preliminary K or Fecundity.). |
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Rate of population increase |
Prior r = 0.99, 95% CL = 0.65 - 1.48, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment. |
Anfälligkeit der Fischerei (Ref. 59153) |
Low vulnerability (19 of 100). 🛈 |
Preiskategorie (Ref. 80766) |
Medium.
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Nährstoffe (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 342 [173, 916] mg/100g; Iron = 2.65 [1.40, 4.89] mg/100g; Protein = 17.3 [14.9, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 0.344 [0.159, 0.725] g/100g; Selenium = 75.5 [31.2, 191.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 13.2 [3.8, 38.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 2.24 [1.47, 3.43] mg/100g (wet weight); |