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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Cynoscion: Greek, kyon = dog + Greek, odous = teeth + Greek, skion, skiaina = barbel, red mullet (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Lacepède.
Lingkungan: lingkungan / zona iklim / kisaran kedalaman / jangkauan distribusi
Ekologi
laut; air tawar; payau dasar (demersal); oceanodromus (Ref. 51243); kisaran kedalaman 1 - 20 m (Ref. 3702). Subtropical; 13°N - 40°S, 80°W - 34°W
Western Atlantic: Panama to Argentina; Southwest Atlantic: Sergipe, Brazil (Ref. 118626).
Panjang pada saat jatuh tempo pertama / Ukuran / Berat / umur
Kematangan: Lm 42.7  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 110 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 40637); common length : 45.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 3702); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 17.0 kg (Ref. 40637)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 11; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 17 - 22; Duri dubur: 2; Sirip dubur lunak: 7 - 9. Body nearly uniform silvery, dark greenish above. Without conspicuous spots on side but with diffuse dark areas along base of dorsal fin and on margin of spinous dorsal fin, ventral side of head, lower margin of pectoral, pelvic, and caudal fins often yellowish orange. Inside of opercle dusky. Mouth large, oblique. Lower jaw slightly projecting. Upper jaw with a pair of large canine-like teeth at tip. Lower jaw with a row of enlarged inner-row teeth, gradually increasing in size posteriorly. Chin without barbels or pores. Snout with 2 marginal pores. Pectoral fins about equal in length to pelvic fins. Gas bladder with a pair of long, straight, horn-like appendages. Sagitta earstone thin and elongate. Soft portion of dorsal fin unscaled except 2 or 3 rows of small scales along its base (Ref 51271).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Forms schools (Ref. 35237). Found over mud or sandy mud bottoms near mouths of rivers. Juveniles are restricted to brackish and fresh waters. Feeds on shrimps and fishes. Important food fish (Ref. 3702).
Chao, L.N., 1978. Sciaenidae. In W. Fischer (ed.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. West Atlantic (Fishing Area 31). Volume 4. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3702)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Rentan (VU) (A2bcd+4bcd); Date assessed: 10 October 2019
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: komersial; Ikan buruan: ya; Akuarium: Komersial
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimasi berdasarkan model
Indeks keanekaragaman filogenetik (Acuan 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
|
Bayesian length-weight
|
a=0.00759 (0.00489 - 0.01177), b=3.06 (2.94 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245). |
Tingkat Trofik (Acuan 69278) |
4.1 ±0.70 se; based on food items. |
|
Generation time |
4.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1 growth studies. |
Daya lenting (Acuan 120179) |
sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (K=0.27). |
|
Rate of population increase |
Prior r = 0.56, 95% CL = 0.37 - 0.84, Based on 3 data-limited stock assessments. |
Kerentanan Penangkapan Ikan (Ref. 59153) |
Moderate to high vulnerability (45 of 100). 🛈 |
kategori harga (Ref. 80766) |
Medium.
|
Nutrisi (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 51.9 [30.0, 101.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.842 [0.438, 1.547] mg/100g; Protein = 19.5 [18.0, 21.2] %; Omega3 = 0.291 [0.169, 0.485] g/100g; Selenium = 22.7 [11.9, 48.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.48 [2.48, 25.80] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.614 [0.445, 0.913] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |