Taxonomic Remarks
Molecular studies by Craig & Hasting (2007: Ref. 83414) and Ma et al. (2018: Ref. 119507) placed this species in the genus Cephalopholis.
محیط زیست: محیط زیست / منطقه آب و هوایی / تغييرات عمق / محدوده توزیع
بوم شناسي
دريايي وابسته به آب سنگ; تغييرات عمق 8 - 100 m (Ref. 9710), usually 10 - 66 m (Ref. 13442). Subtropical; 35°N - 28°S, 98°W - 10°E (Ref. 5222)
Eastern Atlantic: Ascension Island and Gulf of Guinea islands of Principe, São Tomé, and Annobon. Western Atlantic: Bermuda, Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Campeche Bank, and throughout the Caribbean (except in northern Bahamas) to Sao Paulo, Brazil.
اندازه / وزن / سن
بلوغ: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm SL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 26938); common length : 20.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 2739)
خارهاي باله پشتي (کل) : 9; شعاع نرم باله پشتي (کل) : 17 - 19; خارهاي باله مخرجي: 3; شعاع نرم باله مخرجي: 8 - 10. Distinguished by the following characteristics: Head short (less than 35% of SL) (Ref. 26938); head and body reddish brown, paler ventrally; bright orange-red spot at the upper end of the pectoral-fin base; 3 widely spaced white spots between lateral line and dorsal-fin base; 2 blue lines on the cheek, one approximately horizontal and tangential to the lower edge of the eye, other along the upper edge of maxilla and continued onto the lower part of the cheek; depth of body contained 2.9-3.4 times in SL; subangular preopercle, vertical edge and rear half of lower edge finely serrate; subequal posterior and anterior nostrils (Ref. 89707).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: oval.
Inhabits coral reefs and hard bottom areas. Observed in feeding aggregations well above the reef. Feeds mainly in midwater on zooplankton (copepods, pelagic tunicates, shrimps and shrimp larvae). Retreats instantly when alarmed (Ref. 9710).
چرخه زندگی و رفتار جفتگیری
بلوغ | تولید مثل | تخم ریزی | تخم ها | باروری | توزاد ( لارو)
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
خطر برای انسان ها
Harmless
استفاده انسانی
ماهي گيري – شيلات: معاش ماهیگیری; ماهي ها ي سرگرم كننده: بله; آكواريوم: تجاري; طعمه: usually
ابزارها
گزارش های ويژه
بارگيری XML
منابع اينترنتي
تخمینها بر اساس مدلها
شاخص تنوع فیلوژنتیکی (مرجع 82804) |
PD50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.01122 (0.00543 - 0.02320), b=3.04 (2.88 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245). |
سطح تروفیک (مرجع 69278) |
3.2 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies. |
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Generation time |
5.0 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2 growth studies. |
جهندگی (مرجع 120179) |
متوسط, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت 4/1 – 4/4 سال (K=0.22-0.28). |
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Rate of population increase |
Prior r = 0.44, 95% CL = 0.29 - 0.66, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment. |
آسیبپذیری ماهیگیری (Ref. 59153) |
Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100). 🛈 |
طبقه قيمت (Ref. 80766) |
Very high.
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مواد مغذی (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 29.3 [15.3, 61.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.617 [0.322, 1.132] mg/100g; Protein = 18.6 [16.8, 20.3] %; Omega3 = 0.227 [0.132, 0.392] g/100g; Selenium = 15.6 [7.6, 31.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 109 [35, 390] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.865 [0.557, 1.335] mg/100g (wet weight); |