分類 / 名稱 俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii 板鰓亞綱 (鯊魚與魟魚) (sharks and rays) > Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) 鰩目 (Stingrays) > Potamotrygonidae (River stingrays) 河魟科 (River stingrays) > Styracurinae
Etymology: Styracura: From Greek στυραξ (= (styrax), meaning "spine at the butt end of a spear" (Brown, 1954), and ουρα (=oura) meaning tail, a suffix commonly used since Müller & Henle (1837) for whiptailed stingrays; referring to its greatly elongated caudal stings; schmardae: Named for Ludwig Karl Schmarda (23 August 1819-7 April 1908), zoologist, explorer and founder of the zoological museum of the University of Graz, and later professor in the Zoological Institute of the University of Vienna (1861-1883) (Ref. 112396).
Eponymy: Dr Ludwig Karl Schmarda (1819–1908) was an Austrian physician, naturalist and traveller. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
Etymology: Styracura: From Greek στυραξ (= (styrax), meaning "spine at the butt end of a spear" (Brown, 1954), and ουρα (=oura) meaning tail, a suffix commonly used since Müller & Henle (1837) for whiptailed stingrays; referring to its greatly elongated caudal stings; schmardae: Named for Ludwig Karl Schmarda (23 August 1819-7 April 1908), zoologist, explorer and founder of the zoological museum of the University of Graz, and later professor in the Zoological Institute of the University of Vienna (1861-1883) (Ref. 112396).
Eponymy: Dr Ludwig Karl Schmarda (1819–1908) was an Austrian physician, naturalist and traveller. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
環境： 環境 / 氣候帶 / 深度上下限 / 配送範圍 生態學
海洋 居於水底的. 熱帶
分布 領土 | FAO區域 | 生態系 | 發現紀錄 | 分布圖 | 簡介 | Faunafri
Western Central Atlantic: Gulf of Campeche and the West Indies to Suriname (Ref. 3168); including Brazil (Ref. 53430). Validity of this species questioned in Compagno's 1999 checklist (Ref. 35766).
中西大西洋: 坎佩切灣與西印度群島到蘇利南;(參考文獻 3168) 包括巴西。 (參考文獻 53430) 這種的有效性在 Compagno 1999 名錄懷疑了。 (參考文獻 35766)
中西大西洋: 坎佩切灣與西印度群島到蘇利南;(參考文獻 3168) 包括巴西。 (參考文獻 53430) 這種的有效性在 Compagno 1999 名錄懷疑了。 (參考文獻 35766)
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 200 cm WD 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5217); common length : 100.0 cm WD 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5217)
Max length : 200 cm WD 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5217); common length : 100.0 cm WD 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5217)
簡短描述 檢索表 | 型態特徵 | 形態測量圖
Disc ovate, broadly rounded. Tails with blunt tubercles. Upper surface dark brown, sooty olive. Edges of disc darker. Lower surface of disc and pelvic fins yellowish or cream white. Teeth little darker than lower surface (Ref. 6902).
Body shape (shape guide): other.
體盤卵形的, 寬廣地圓的。 尾部有鈍的小瘤。 上表皮深褐色的, 深橄欖色。 體盤的邊緣比較黑的。 體盤下表面與腹鰭淡黃色或乳白色的。 齒比下表面顏色深一點.(參考文獻 6902)
Body shape (shape guide): other.
體盤卵形的, 寬廣地圓的。 尾部有鈍的小瘤。 上表皮深褐色的, 深橄欖色。 體盤的邊緣比較黑的。 體盤下表面與腹鰭淡黃色或乳白色的。 齒比下表面顏色深一點.(參考文獻 6902)
Found on sandy bottoms, occasionally near coral reefs (Ref. 12951). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Marketed salted; also used in the preparation of gelatin and oil.
棲息於砂質底部了, 偶然地在珊瑚礁的附近.(參考文獻 12951) 卵胎生的.(參考文獻 50449) 在市場上銷售鹽醃的; 也被用於凝膠與油的材料。
棲息於砂質底部了, 偶然地在珊瑚礁的附近.(參考文獻 12951) 卵胎生的.(參考文獻 50449) 在市場上銷售鹽醃的; 也被用於凝膠與油的材料。
生命週期和交配行為 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).中西大西洋: 坎佩切灣與西印度群島到蘇利南;(參考文獻 3168) 包括巴西。 (參考文獻 53430) 這種的有效性在 Compagno 1999 名錄懷疑了。 (參考文獻 35766)
主要參考資料
上傳您的推薦信 | 參考文獻 | 合作者 : Carvalho, Marcelo | 合作者
Stehmann, M., J.D. McEachran and R. Vergara R., 1978. Dasyatidae. In W. Fischer (ed.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Central Atlantic (Fishing Area 31). Vol. 1. [pag. var.]. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3168)
CITES
Not Evaluated
對人類具威脅
有毒的 (Ref. 3168)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟
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基於模型的估計
|
系統發育多樣性指數 (參考文獻 82804) |
PD50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
| Bayesian length-weight | a=0.01000 (0.00244 - 0.04107), b=3.04 (2.81 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref. 93245). |
|
營養階層 (參考文獻 69278) |
3.2 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives |
|
回復力 (參考文獻 120179) |
低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (Assuming fecundity<100). |
|
釣魚的脆弱性 (Ref. 59153) |
Very high vulnerability (90 of 100). 🛈 |
|
價格種類 (Ref. 80766) |
Low. |
|
營養素 (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 13.6 [2.0, 252.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.646 [0.057, 7.729] mg/100g; Protein = 20.6 [18.1, 23.2] %; Omega3 = 0.11 [0.03, 0.33] g/100g; Selenium = 53.9 [11.2, 288.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 5.07 [0.40, 53.26] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.633 [0.037, 7.414] mg/100g (wet weight); |