Пластиножаберные (акулы и скаты) (sharks and rays) >
Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) >
Aetobatidae (Pacific eagle rays)
Etymology: Aetobatus: Greek, aetos = eagle + Greek, batis, batidos = a ray (Raja sp.) (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Narinari was a word used in Brazil in the 17th and 18th centuries and means ‘stingray’. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
Taxonomic Remarks
Status of Aetobatus latirostris Duméril, 1861 requires further investigation. Species information (common names) should be linked to correct species (see Ref. 114963).
Окружающая среда: среда / климатическая зона / пределы глубины / диапазон распространения
экология
морской; солоноватоводный донно-пелагический; амфидромный (Ref. 129822); пределы глубины 1 - 80 m (Ref. 9710). Subtropical; 36°N - 24°S, 98°W - 15°E
Western Atlantic and probably Eastern Atlantic. Indo-Pacific species refer to Aetobatus ocellatus; Eastern Pacific species refers to A. laticeps.
Длина при первой зрелости / Размер / Вес / Возраст
половая зрелость: Lm 107.4, range 110 - 120 cm
Max length : 230 cm WD самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 114953); common length : 140 cm WD самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 114953); наибольший вес (опубликованные данные): 230.0 kg (Ref. 7251)
колючие лучи спинного плавника (общее число) : 0; колючие лучи анального плавника: 0. An eagleray with a long snout, flat and rounded like a duck's bill, a thick head, and a pectoral disc with sharply curved, angular corners, and no caudal fin; jaws usually with single row of flat, chevron-shaped teeth (Ref. 5578). Each tooth a crescent-shaped plate joined into a band (Ref. 26938). Numerous white spots on black or bluish disc; white below (Ref. 5578). Long whiplike tail, with a long spine near the base, behind small dorsal fin. No spines on disk (Ref. 7251).
Body shape (shape guide): other; Cross section: flattened.
Commonly found in coastal habitats to at least 60 m depth (Ref. 114953). Swims close to the surface, occasionally leaping out of the water, or close to the bottom (Ref. 3175). Frequently forming large schools during the non-breeding season (Ref. 7251). Feeds on polychaetes, bivalves, gastropods, cepahlopods, shrimps and small fishes (Ref. 114953). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Bears young in litters of 2-4 (Ref. 26938, 114953).
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Bears up to 4 young (Ref. 5578, 6871, 37816). Width at birth 17-35 cm (Ref. 37816).
According to Uchida et al (1990) (Ref. 51119) 'the male chases the female in mid water, then nibbles on her dorsal surface. The female stops swimming to begin copulation. The male bites the female on a pectoral fin and bends one clasper forward, then attempts an abdomen to abdomen copulation with either clasper, usually mid-water' (Ref. 49562). Copulation lasted for 20 seconds to 1 minute (Ref. 49562).
Last, P.R., W.T. White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann and G.J.P. Naylor, 2016. Rays of the world. CSIRO Publishing, Comstock Publishing Associates. i-ix + 1-790. (Ref. 114953)
Статус Красного Списка МСОП (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Угроза для людей
Traumatogenic (Ref. 4690)
Использование человеком
рыболовство: не имеет хозяйственного значения
дополнительная информация
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Оценки, основанные на моделях
Индекс филогенетического разнообразия (ссылка 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.01000 (0.00244 - 0.04107), b=3.04 (2.81 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref. 93245). |
Трофический уровень (ссылка 69278) |
4.2 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies. |
устойчивость к внешним воздействиям (ссылка 120179) |
очень низкий, минимальное время удвоения популяции более 14 лет (tm=4-6; Fec=1-2). |
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Rate of population increase |
Prior r = 0.06, 95% CL = 0.04 - 0.09, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment. |
Уязвимость рыбной ловли (Ref. 59153) |
High to very high vulnerability (74 of 100). 🛈 |
Категория цены (Ref. 80766) |
Medium.
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Питательные вещества (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 9.92 [1.89, 44.45] mg/100g; Iron = 0.495 [0.123, 1.361] mg/100g; Protein = 22 [17, 27] %; Omega3 = 0.253 [0.077, 0.713] g/100g; Selenium = 25.2 [7.7, 73.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.16 [2.83, 22.84] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.526 [0.255, 0.991] mg/100g (wet weight); |