Umbrina cirrosa, Shi drum : fisheries, aquaculture, gamefish

Umbrina cirrosa (Linnaeus, 1758)

Shi drum
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Umbrina cirrosa   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Umbrina cirrosa (Shi drum)
Umbrina cirrosa
Picture by De Sanctis, A.

Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes(genus, species) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei (teleosts) > Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) > Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Umbrina: Latin, umbra, -ae = shadow, in the sense of phantom; due to its quick movements (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Marine; demersal; depth range 0 - 100 m (Ref. 3593). Subtropical; 50°N - 30°N, 18°W - 42°E

Distribution Territories | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Eastern Atlantic: Bay of Biscay and Gibraltar to southern Morocco, including the Mediterranean, Black Sea and Sea of Azov. Records south of Morocco have not been supported with descriptions.

Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 104 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 128540); common length : 40.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 3593); max. published weight: 11.1 kg (Ref. 128540); max. reported age: 18 years (Ref. 128540)

Short description Identification keys | Morphology | Morphometrics

Dorsal soft rays (total): 22 - 23.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.

Biology     Glossary (e.g. epibenthic)

Found over rocky and sandy bottoms in coastal waters. Juveniles enter estuaries. Feed on bottom invertebrates.

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Group synchronous oocytes. A multiple-batch spawner (Ref. 109248).

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Chao, L.N. and E. Trewavas, 1990. Sciaenidae. p. 813-826. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3593)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))

  Vulnerable (VU) (A2b); Date assessed: 30 July 2019

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Harmless





Human uses

Fisheries: minor commercial; aquaculture: experimental; gamefish: yes
FAO - Aquaculture systems: production searchFisheries: landings search; Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us

More information

Trophic ecology
Food items (preys)
Diet composition
Food consumption
Food rations
Predators
Ecology
Ecology
Population dynamics
Growth parameters
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Recruitment
Abundance
Life cycle
Reproduction
Maturity
Maturity/Gills rel.
Fecundity
Spawning
Spawning aggregations
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
Larval dynamics
Distribution
Territories
FAO areas
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Occurrences
Introductions
BRUVS - Videos
Anatomy
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Brain
Otolith
Physiology
Body composition
Nutrients
Oxygen consumption
Swimming type
Swimming speed
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Genetics
Genome
Genetics
Heterozygosity
Heritability
Genetic Diversity
Human related
Aquaculture systems
Aquaculture profiles
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Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
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Taxonomy
Common names
Synonyms
Morphology
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References
References

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Special reports

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Summary page | Point data | Common names | Photos

Internet sources

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: genus, species | DiscoverLife | DORIS | ECOTOX | FAO - Aquaculture systems: production searchFisheries: landings search; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | National databases | OneZoom | Open Tree of Life | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | Public aquariums | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | TreeBase | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: Go, Search | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index
(Ref. 82804) 		PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight a=0.00891 (0.00601 - 0.01322), b=3.05 (2.94 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level
(Ref. 69278) 		3.4   ±0.46 se; based on food items.
Generation time 3.9 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1 growth studies.
Resilience
(Ref. 120179) 		Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (K=0.28).
Rate of population increase Prior r = 0.99, 95% CL = 0.65 - 1.48, Based on 2 data-limited stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability
(Ref. 59153) 		Moderate vulnerability (43 of 100). 🛈
Climate Vulnerability
(Ref. 125649) 		High to very high vulnerability (70 of 100). 🛈
Price category
(Ref. 80766) 		Very high.
Nutrients
(Ref. 124155) 		Calcium = 61.4 [34.6, 122.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.961 [0.488, 1.669] mg/100g; Protein = 19.6 [18.5, 20.7] %; Omega3 = 0.309 [0.181, 0.482] g/100g; Selenium = 31.9 [17.8, 61.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.8 [3.0, 27.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.66 [0.48, 0.95] mg/100g (wet weight);