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Mobula munkiana, Munk's pygmy devil ray : fisheries
Elasmobranchii 板鰓亞綱 (鯊魚與魟魚) (sharks and rays) > Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) > Mobulidae (Devilrays)
Eponymy: Walter Heinrich Munk (1917–2019) was an Austrian-born American oceanographer. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
Eastern Pacific: From Gulf of California to Peru, incl. the Galapagos Is. (Ref. 130539). 東太平洋: 加州灣,厄瓜多, 與加拉巴哥群島。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 220 cm WD 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 28023); common length : 100.0 cm WD 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9256)
Pelagic species forming schools in coastal and oceanic waters, but also found near the bottom. Found singly, in small groups, or in schools (Ref. 12951). Feeds mainly on planktonic crustaceans, but also takes small schooling fishes (Ref. 12951). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Gestation period unknown (Ref. 114953).
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449).東太平洋: 加州灣,厄瓜多, 與加拉巴哥群島。
McEachran, J.D. and G. Notarbartolo di Sciara, 1995. Mobulidae. Mantas, diablos. p. 759-764. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para los Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9256)