Pleuronectes platessa, European plaice : fisheries, aquaculture, gamefish, aquarium

Pleuronectes platessa Linnaeus, 1758

European plaice
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Pleuronectes platessa   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Pleuronectes platessa (European plaice)
Pleuronectes platessa
Foto de Greenfield, J.

Clasificación / Nombres Nombres comunes | Sinónimos | Catalog of Fishes(Género, Especie) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) > Pleuronectidae (Righteye flounders) > Pleuronectinae
Etymology: Pleuronectes: Greek, pleura = side, ribe + Greek, nekton = swimmer (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.

Entorno: milieu / zona climática / rango de profundidad / gama de distribución Ecología

marino; salobre demersal; oceanodromo (Ref. 92087); rango de profundidad 0 - 200 m (Ref. 35388), usually 10 - 50 m (Ref. 35388). Temperate; 2°C - 15°C (Ref. 5504); 72°N - 36°N, 47°W - 45°E

Distribución Territorios | Áreas FAO | Ecosistemas | Ocurrencias, apariciones | Mapa de puntos | Introducciones | Faunafri

Northern Sea. Reports from the Mediterranean Sea appear to be misidentifications of P. flesus. It may have been present in some areas of the Mediterranean in the past, as a result of climatic changes related to the ice age, but at present times seem to be absent (Ref. 89040).

Longitud en la primera madurez / Tamaño / Peso / Edad

Madurez: Lm 32.7, range 24 - 42 cm
Max length : 100.0 cm SL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 4705); common length : 40.0 cm TL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 3397); peso máximo publicado: 7.0 kg (Ref. 173); edad máxima reportada: 50 años (Ref. 173)

Descripción breve Claves de identificación | Morfología | Morfometría

Espinas dorsales (total) : 0; Radios blandos dorsales (total) : 65 - 79; Espinas anales: 0; Radios blandos anales: 48 - 59. Smooth with small scales. Bony ridge behind the eyes. Upper side brown or greenish brown with irregularly distributed bright red or orange spots. The underside is white. Lateral line straight, slightly curved above pectoral fin. Dorsal fin reaching eye. More than 30 vertebrae.
Body shape (shape guide): short and / or deep; Cross section: compressed.

Biología     Glosario (por ej. epibenthic)

Adults live on mixed bottoms, the older the deeper the occurrence; small individuals are usually seen on bathing beaches (Ref. 9988). Occurs on mud and sand bottom from a few meters down to about 100 m, at sea, estuaries and rarely entering freshwaters (Ref. 59043). Reported as resident intertidal species with homing behavior (Ref. 32612). Feed mainly on thin-shelled mollusks and polychaetes. Batch spawner (Ref. 51846). The most important flatfish for fisheries in Europe. Utilized fresh and frozen; eaten steamed, fried, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988). Active at night in the very shallow water while day time is spent buried in the sand. Stationary for long periods, tagging experiments have shown that their spawning migrations can be long. Changes in the environmental conditions have been disadvantageous. Populations in Kattegat and Danish belts decreased in 1980's and early 1990's due to discharge of nutritive salts. Wadden sea is still an excellent nursery ground (Ref.35388).

Ciclo vital y comportamiento de apareamiento Madurez | Reproducción | Puesta | Huevos | Fecundidad | Larva

Adult spawn when the temperature is around 6 °C (Ref. 4705).

Referencia principal Suba sus referencias | Referencias | Coordinador : Amaoka, Kunio | Colaboradores

Vinnikov, K.A., R.C. Thomson and T.A. Munroe, 2018. Revised classification of the righteye flounders (Teleostei: Pleuronectidae) based on multilocus phylogeny with complete taxon sampling. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 125:147-162. (Ref. 122998)

Situación en la Lista Roja de la UICN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))

  Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 02 June 2022

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Amenaza para el ser humano

  Harmless





Usos humanos

Pesquerías: muy comercial; Acuicultura: comercial; pesca deportiva: si; Acuario: Acuarios públicos
FAO - pesquerías: perfil de la especie, landings search; Publication: search | FIRMS - Stock assessments | FishSource | Sea Around Us

Más información

Ciclo de vida
Reproducción
Madurez
Madurez/Gills rel.
Fecundidad
Puesta
Agregaciones de desove
Huevos
Desarrollo de los huevos
Larva
Dinámica larvaria
Distribución
Territorios
Áreas FAO
Ecosistemas
Ocurrencias, apariciones
Introducciones
BRUVS - Vídeos
Anatomía
Superficie branquial
Cerebro
Otolito
Fisiología
Composición corporal
Nutrientes
Consumo del oxígeno
Tipo de natación
Velocidad de natación
Pigmentos visuales
Sonido de peces
Enfermedades y parásitos
Toxicidad (CL50)
Relacionados con el ser humano
Sistemas de acuicultura
Perfiles de acuicultura
Razas
Ciguatera cases
Sellos, monedas, varios
Divulgación
Colaboradores
Referencias
Referencias

Herramientas

Informes especiales

Descargar XML

Fuentes de Internet

Estimaciones basadas en modelos

Índice de diversidad filogenética
(Referencia 82804)
PD50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight a=0.00776 (0.00687 - 0.00878), b=3.07 (3.03 - 3.11), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Nivel trófico
(Referencia 69278)
3.2   ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time 9.2 (7.1 - 11.6) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 17 growth studies.
Resiliencia
(Referencia 120179)
Medio, población duplicada en un tiempo mínimo de 1.4-4.4 años (K=0.06-0.34; tm=2-6; tmax=30; Fec=50,000).
Rate of population increase Prior r = 0.50, 95% CL = 0.33 - 0.75, Based on 28 full stock assessments.
Vulnerabilidad pesquera
(Ref. 59153)
High to very high vulnerability (71 of 100). 🛈
Vulnerabilidad climática
(Ref. 125649)
Moderate vulnerability (43 of 100). 🛈
Categoría de precios
(Ref. 80766)
Medium.
Nutrientes
(Ref. 124155)
Calcium = 25.4 [8.2, 51.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.202 [0.084, 0.542] mg/100g; Protein = 17.3 [15.3, 19.8] %; Omega3 = 0.249 [0.118, 0.544] g/100g; Selenium = 29.6 [10.5, 80.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 6.73 [1.77, 26.29] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.475 [0.263, 0.968] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.