Oreochromis shiranus Boulenger, 1897
Shire tilapia
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Oreochromis shiranus
Male 拍攝者 Loiselle, P.V.
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Male 拍攝者 Loiselle, P.V.
分類 / 名稱 俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei > Cichliformes (Cichlids, convict blennies) 鱸形目 (Cichlids, convict blennies) > Cichlidae (Cichlids) 慈鯛科魚類 (Cichlids) > Pseudocrenilabrinae
Etymology: Oreochromis: Latin, aurum = gold + Greek, chromis = a fish, perhaps a perch (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Boulenger.
Etymology: Oreochromis: Latin, aurum = gold + Greek, chromis = a fish, perhaps a perch (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Boulenger.
環境： 環境 / 氣候帶 / 深度上下限 / 配送範圍 生態學
; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 底中水層性. 熱帶; 23°C - 42°C (Ref. 670); 13°S - 17°S
分布 領土 | FAO區域 | 生態系 | 發現紀錄 | 分布圖 | 簡介 | Faunafri
Africa: Two subspecies are recognized: Oreochromis shiranus shiranus from Shiré River above the Murchison rapids and Lake Malawi, together with their tributaries in Tanzania, Malawi and Mozambique (Ref. 5166, 118630); Oreochromis shiranus chilwae from Lake Chilwa and its basin in Malawi and Mozambique (Ref. 5166, 118638).
非洲: 在 Murchison 急流與它的支流上面的雪利河; 馬拉威湖與它的支流河，溪流與潟湖; 雪利河上游。
非洲: 在 Murchison 急流與它的支流上面的雪利河; 馬拉威湖與它的支流河，溪流與潟湖; 雪利河上游。
初熟時的長度 / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
簡短描述 檢索表 | 型態特徵 | 形態測量圖
背棘 (總數) : 15 - 18; 背的軟條 (總數) : 10 - 13; 臀棘: 3 - 5; 臀鰭軟條: 9 - 11; 脊椎骨: 29 - 30. Diagnosis: A large, deep-bodied species with 4, rarely 3 or 5, anal fin spines (Ref. 118638). Females and immatures from the Lake Malawi catchment have a dark olive-coloured body, yellow-gold below; other populations, such as those from Lakes Chilwa and Chiuta and the Ruvuma system show a more silvery colour; unusually for Oreochromis, the horizontal stripes are often more prominent than the vertical bars; adult males develop very large jaws and a concave head profile, they are black, with red margins to the dorsal and caudal fins (Ref. 118638). Underwater or in aquaria, males show numerous white spots on the upper half of the flanks, but these fade quickly under stress, so that they appear uniformly black when removed from the water (Ref. 118638).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.
咽齒是非常細長而部分重疊的。 在頰部上有在胸鰭基底與腹鰭與 2-3 列之間的 4-7個鱗片。 鰭條是有鱗的。 形態學訊息的其他來源: 參考文獻 6150.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.
咽齒是非常細長而部分重疊的。 在頰部上有在胸鰭基底與腹鰭與 2-3 列之間的 4-7個鱗片。 鰭條是有鱗的。 形態學訊息的其他來源: 參考文獻 6150.
Found in very shallow waters around Lake Malawi that are densely vegetated, but also in lagoons (Ref. 5595). It can occur at temperatures ranging from 23.0-42.0 °C (Ref. 670). It feeds on detritus and phytoplankton (Ref. 5595). A maternal mouthbrooder (Ref. 118638). A large species heavily exploited in Lake Nyasa [= Lake Malawi] and its catchment; males in particular are fast-growing and the species is cultured commercially in Malawi in cages and ponds (Ref. 118638).
生存在溫度範圍從 23.0-42.0 °C 。 (參考文獻 670) 湖的周圍主要發現於滿佈植物的淺水域了。 主要日行性; 吃碎屑與浮游植物。 (參考文獻 5595)
生存在溫度範圍從 23.0-42.0 °C 。 (參考文獻 670) 湖的周圍主要發現於滿佈植物的淺水域了。 主要日行性; 吃碎屑與浮游植物。 (參考文獻 5595)
生命週期和交配行為 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
A maternal mouthbrooder (Ref. 118638). Builds basin-shaped nests in shallow water from 0.15 m to 1.5 m deep, in sand overlaid with mud, in the vicinity of rooted aquatic vegetation; females brood eggs and young in the mouth until the young reach a length of about 10 mm (Ref. 670).非洲: 在 Murchison 急流與它的支流上面的雪利河; 馬拉威湖與它的支流河，溪流與潟湖; 雪利河上游。
主要參考資料
上傳您的推薦信 | 參考文獻 | 合作者 : Kullander, Sven O. | 合作者
Trewavas, E. and G.G. Teugels, 1991. Oreochromis. p. 307-346. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse, G.G. Teugels and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Checklist of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 4. (Ref. 5166)
CITES
Not Evaluated
對人類具威脅
無害處的
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 養殖: 商業性; 水族館: 商業性
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |
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網路資源
AFORO (otoliths) | Alien/Invasive Species database | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | 檢查 FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: 屬, 種 | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | OneZoom | Open Tree of Life | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | 公眾的水族館 | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | TreeBase | 樹狀分類階層 | Wikipedia: 去, 搜尋 | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoobank | 動物學的記錄
基於模型的估計
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系統發育多樣性指數 (參考文獻 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
| Bayesian length-weight | a=0.01230 (0.00735 - 0.02058), b=2.99 (2.85 - 3.13), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245). |
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營養階層 (參考文獻 69278) |
2.0 ±0.00 se; based on food items. |
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回復力 (參考文獻 120179) |
中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.27-0.32). |
|
釣魚的脆弱性 (Ref. 59153) |
Low to moderate vulnerability (27 of 100). 🛈 |
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價格種類 (Ref. 80766) |
Unknown. |
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營養素 (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 23.3 [8.7, 108.4] mg/100g; Iron = 1.17 [0.57, 2.60] mg/100g; Protein = 17.9 [16.3, 19.6] %; Omega3 = 0.216 [0.110, 0.458] g/100g; Selenium = 60 [31, 117] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.08 [1.97, 29.53] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.86 [1.09, 4.32] mg/100g (wet weight); |