Thunnus thynnus, Atlantic bluefin tuna : fisheries, aquaculture, gamefish

Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Atlantic bluefin tuna
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Thunnus thynnus   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Thunnus thynnus
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Classificazione / Nomi Nomi Comuni | Sinonimi | Catalog of Fishes(Genere, Specie) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Scombriformes (Mackerels) > Scombridae (Mackerels, tunas, bonitos) > Scombrinae
Etymology: Thunnus: Greek, thynnos = tunna (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.

Ambiente: milieu / zona climatica / distribuzione batimetrica / gamma di distribuzione Ecologia

marino; salmastro pelagic-oceanic; oceanodromo (Ref. 71039); distribuzione batimetrica 0 - 985 m (Ref. 55291), usually 0 - 100 m. Subtropical; 3°C - 30°C (Ref. 88796); 69°N - 58°S, 99°W - 42°E

Distribuzione Territories | Aree FAO | Ecosistemi | Presenze | Mappa dei ritrovamenti | Introduzioni | Faunafri

Western Atlantic: Labrador and Newfoundland to Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean Sea to Venezuela and Brazil. Eastern Atlantic: Lofoten Islands off Norway to Canary Islands, including the Mediterranean and the southern part of the Black Sea (Ref. 6769). Reported from Mauritania (Ref. 5377). There is a subpopulation off South Africa. Highly migratory species.

Lunghezza alla prima maturità / Dimensione / Peso / Età

Maturità: Lm 103.5, range 97 - 110 cm
Max length : 458 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 26340); common length : 200 cm FL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 168); peso massimo pubblicato: 684.0 kg (Ref. 26340); Età massima riportata: 32 anni (Ref. 5810)

Breve descrizione Chiavi di identificazione | Morfologia | Morfometria

Spine dorsali (totale) : 12 - 14; Raggi dorsali molli (totale) : 13 - 15; Spine anali: 0; Raggi anali molli: 13 - 16; Vertebre: 39. A very large species, deepest near the middle of the first dorsal fin base. The second dorsal fin higher than the first; the pectoral fins are very short, less than 80% of head length. Swim bladder present. Lower sides and belly silvery white with colorless transverse lines alternated with rows of colorless dots. The first dorsal fin is yellow or bluish; the second reddish-brown; the anal fin and finlets dusky yellow and edged with black; the median caudal keel is black in adults. May be confused with several other tunas, these are typically much smaller and easily distinguished by specific patterns of stripes, bands or dots.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: oval.

Biologia     Glossario (es. epibenthic)

Oceanic but seasonally coming close to shore. They school by size, sometimes together with albacore, yellowfin, bigeye, skipjack etc. Visual predators (Ref. 88866) preying on small schooling fishes (anchovies, sauries, hakes) or on squids and red crabs. Live up to 40 years in the western Atlantic (Ref. 88822). Weight up to 900 kg (Ref. 88823). Eggs and larvae are pelagic (Ref. 6769). Juvenile growth is rapid (about 30 cm / year) but slower than in other tuna and billfish species (Ref. 88867). Adult growth is considerably slower, with about 10 years needed to reach two thirds of maximum length. Become rare because of massive overfishing (Ref. 35388).

Ciclo vitale e comportamento di accoppiamento Maturità | Riproduzione | Deposizione | Uova | Fecondità | Larve

Oviparous batch spawner, with an inter-spawning interval of 1-2 days in the Mediterranean Sea (Ref. 88871). Females larger than 205 cm fork length are estimated to have a mean fecundity of 30-60 and 13-15 million eggs, in the western and eastern Atlantic respectively (Ref. 40805, Ref. 88871). Spawning occurs when sea surface temperatures are between 22.6-27.5 ºC and 22.5-25.5 ºC in the Gulf of Mexico and Mediterranean Sea respectively (88868). Spawning occurs between June and August in the Mediterranean Sea (Ref. 88868). Eggs are released directly to the water column and hatch after 2 days (Ref. 88823). At 24°C, embryo development lasts about 32 hours and larval stages about 30 days. Egg size 1.0 mm, larval length at hatching 2.8 mm. Spawning grounds are mainly known from the Gulf of Mexico and the Mediterranean Sea, but the presence of mature individuals and larvae far from these areas (e.g. Bahamas and central North Atlantic Ocean) suggest that other spawning grounds may also be utilized (Ref. 88873, Ref. 88874, Ref. 88872). Appears to display homing behaviour with (western-tagged individuals migrating back to specific spawning sites either in the Gulf of Mexico or the Mediterranean Sea) (Ref. 88872, Ref. 88870). Fidelity to natal areas seem to occur once individuals reach maturity, i.e. after returning to either the western or eastern spawning grounds (Ref. 88868).

Riferimento principale Caricare le referenze | Bibliografia | Coordinatore : Collette, Bruce B. | Collaboratori

Collette, B.B., 1999. Mackerels, molecules, and morphology. p. 149-164. In B. Séret and J.-Y. Sire (eds.) Proc. 5th Indo-Pac. Fish Conf., Noumea, Paris. (Ref. 33246)

Stato della Lista Rossa IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))

  Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 15 January 2021

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Minaccia per l'uomo

  Harmless





Usi umani

Pesca: commerciale; Acquacoltura: commerciale; Pesce da pesca sportiva: si
FAO - Sistemi di acquacoltura: production searchpesca: profilo della specie, landings search; Publication: search | FIRMS - Stock assessments | FishSource | Sea Around Us

Informazioni ulteriori

Anatomia
Area branchiale
Cervello
Otolite
Fisiologia
Composizione corporea
Nutrienti
Consumo di ossigeno
Tipo di nuoto
Velocità di nuoto
Pigmenti visivi
Suono del pesce
Malattie e parassiti
Tossicità (LC50)
Genetica
Genome
Genetica
Eterozigosi
Ereditarietà
Diversità genetica
Legato all'uomo
Sistemi di acquacoltura
Profili di acquacoltura
Varietà
Casi di Ciguatera
Francobolli, monete, materiale vario.
Raggiungimento
Collaboratori
Bibliografia
Bibliografia

Strumenti

Rapporti speciali

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Fonti Internet

Stime basate su modelli

Indice di diversità filogenetica
(Fonte Biblio. 82804)
PD50 = 0.5039 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight a=0.01202 (0.00976 - 0.01480), b=3.03 (2.99 - 3.07), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Livello trofico
(Fonte Biblio. 69278)
4.5   ±0.8 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time 12.8 (9.2 - 16.3) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 21 growth studies.
Resilienza
(Fonte Biblio. 120179)
Basso, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione 4.5 - 14 anni (K=0.09; tm=3-5; tmax=32).
Rate of population increase Prior r = 0.24, 95% CL = 0.16 - 0.35, Based on 5 full stock assessments.
Vulnerabilità della pesca
(Ref. 59153)
Very high vulnerability (82 of 100). 🛈
Vulnerabilità climatica
(Ref. 125649)
Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100). 🛈
Categoria di prezzo
(Ref. 80766)
Very high.
Nutrienti
(Ref. 124155)
Calcium = 13.1 [7.2, 24.7] mg/100g; Iron = 2.09 [0.85, 5.36] mg/100g; Protein = 24.2 [22.6, 25.6] %; Omega3 = 0.393 [0.229, 0.689] g/100g; Selenium = 53.2 [20.7, 152.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 17.3 [2.2, 167.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.319 [0.187, 0.655] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.