Alosa sapidissima, American shad : fisheries, gamefish

Alosa sapidissima (Wilson, 1811)

American shad
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Alosa sapidissima   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Alosa sapidissima (American shad)
Alosa sapidissima
Foto de Flescher, D.

Classificação / Nomes Nomes comuns | Sinônimos | Catalog of Fishes(Gênero, Espécies) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Clupeiformes (Herrings) > Alosidae (Shads and Sardines)
Etymology: Alosa: Latin, alausa = a fish cited by Ausonius and Latin, halec = pickle, dealing with the Greek word hals = salt; it is also the old Saxon name for shad = "alli" ; 1591 (Ref. 45335)sapidissima: sapidissima meaning most delicious (Ref. 1998).

Meio ambiente: milieu / Zona climática / intervalo de profundidade / faixa de distribuição Ecologia

marinhas; Água doce; estuarina pelagic-neritic; anádromo (Ref. 138280); intervalo de profundidade 0 - 250 m (Ref. 6793). Subtropical; 54°N - 28°N, 84°W - 52°W (Ref. 86798)

Distribuição Territórios | Áreas da FAO | Ecossistemas | Ocorrências | Mapa de pontos | Introduções | Faunafri

North America: Atlantic coast from Labrador, Canada to St. Johns River, Florida, USA; ascends coastal rivers during spring spawning migrations. Introduced into Sacramento River, California in 1870s and has spread along Pacific Coast from Kamchatka, Russia to Todos Santos Bay, Mexico. Landlocked in Millerton Lake, California, USA.

Comprimento de primeira maturação / Tamanho / Peso / Idade

Maturidade: Lm 43.4, range 38 - 48.5 cm
Max length : 76.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 6885); 61.7 cm SL (female); common length : 50.0 cm SL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 188); peso máx. publicado: 5.5 kg (Ref. 7251); idade máx. registrada: 13 anos (Ref. 72462)

Descrição suscinta Chaves de identificação | Morfologia | Morfometria

Espinhos dorsais (total) : 0; Raios dorsais (total) : 15 - 19; Espinhos anais: 0; Raios anais : 18 - 24; Vértebras: 51 - 60. Moderately compressed, belly with a distinct keel. Lower jaw not rising steeply within mouth. Gill rakers long and slender (fewer in young). Silvery in color with blue or blue-green metallic luster on back (Ref. 1998). A dark spot on shoulder, sometimes followed by several more, or even a second row. Resembles A. pseudoharengus with lower jaw rising steeply within mouth, eyes larger, and fewer lower gill rakers, as also A. aestivalis and A. mediocris (Ref. 188). Silvery, with a green or bluish back (Ref. 7251). Branchiostegal rays 7 (Ref. 4639).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.

Biologia     Glossário (p.ex. epibenthic)

Adults spend most of their life at sea, returning to freshwater streams to breed (Ref. 27547). They inhabit open water of large rivers (Ref. 86798). Non-spawning adults are found in schools near the surface of continental shelf waters in spring, summer and fall (Ref. 7135); also found in brackish waters (Ref. 4607). Newly hatched larvae are found in rivers during the summer; by autumn they enter the sea and remain there until maturity. Juveniles form schools at 20-30 mm TL and gradually move downstream (Ref. 4639). Adults feed on plankton, mainly copepods and mysids, occasionally on small fishes. Feeding ceases during upstream spawning migration and resumes during the downstream post-spawning migration (Ref. 1998). Commercially caught in rivers and estuaries during spawning migration (Ref. 1998). Utilized fresh, salted, or smoked. The roe is esteemed. Eaten pan-fried, broiled, and baked (Ref. 9988). Possibly to 375 m depth (Ref. 6793). Parasites found are nematodes, Acanthocephala, copepods and distomes (Ref. 37032).

Ciclo de vida ou comportamento de acasalamento Maturidade | Reprodução | Desova | Ovos | Fecundidade | Larvas

Some shad spawn immediately on entering fresh water while others may undertake fairly long journeys, as much as 630 km upstream, to their favored spawning grounds (Ref. 4607). Enters rivers as early as November (Florida) and as late as May or June in the north, depending on water temperature (peak runs at about 18.5 °C). Spawning occurs at sundown and continues until after midnight. The fish pair and swim close together, releasing eggs and milt (Ref. 27547). Adults descend shortly after spawning, the young in the autumn. Spawning reported from 8-26°C, generally occurs at 12-21°C (Ref. 38954).

Referência principal Carregar suas referências | Referências | Coordenador | Colaboradores

Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)

Status na Lista Vermelha da UICN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))

  Segura ou pouco preocupante (LC) ; Date assessed: 22 August 2018

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Ameaça para os humanos

  Harmless





Uso pelos humanos

Pescarias: espécies comerciais; peixe esportivo: sim
FAO - pescarias: landings search; Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us

Mais informação

Ciclo de vida
Reprodução
Maturidade
Maturidade/Rel. das guelras
Fecundidade
Desova
Agregações de desova
Ovos
Desenvolvimento dos ovos
Larvas
Dinâmica larval
Anatomia
Área branquial
Cérebro
Otólito
Fisiologia
Composição corporal
Nutrientes
Consumo de oxigênio
Tipo de natação
Velocidade de natação
Pigmentos visuais
Som de peixe
Doenças e Parasitas
Toxicidade (LC50s)
Genética
genoma
Genética
Heterozigosidade
Hereditariedade
Diversidade genética
Relacionado a humanos
Sistemas de aquicultura
Perfis para aquacultura
Estirpes
Casos de Ciguatera
Selos, moedas, diversos.
Divulgação
Colaboradores
Referências
Referências

Ferramentas

Relatórios especiais

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Fontes da internet

Estimativas baseadas em modelos

Índice de diversidade filogenética
(Ref. 82804)
PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight a=0.00661 (0.00404 - 0.01081), b=3.08 (2.94 - 3.22), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).
Nível Trófico
(Ref. 69278)
3.5   ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time 5.5 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1 growth studies.
Resiliência
(Ref. 120179)
Baixo, tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 4,5 - 14 anos (K=0.14; tm=4.7).
Vulnerabilidade da pesca
(Ref. 59153)
Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100). 🛈
Vulnerabilidade climática
(Ref. 125649)
Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100). 🛈
Categoria de preço
(Ref. 80766)
Low.
Nutrientes
(Ref. 124155)
Calcium = 19.3 [10.1, 94.6] mg/100g; Iron = 1.41 [0.61, 3.68] mg/100g; Protein = 19.9 [17.4, 22.6] %; Omega3 = 0.77 [0.41, 1.51] g/100g; Selenium = 30.3 [16.6, 55.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 10.2 [2.6, 43.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.412 [0.273, 0.736] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.