>
Clupeiformes (Herrings) >
Engraulidae (Anchovies) > Engraulinae
Etymology: Engraulis: Greek, eggraulis, -eos = anchovy (Ref. 45335); mordax: Genus name from the Greek 'engraulis' meaning anchovy; species name from the Latin 'mordax' meaning biting (Ref. 27436).
More on author: Girard.
Ambiente: milieu / zona climatica / distribuzione batimetrica / gamma di distribuzione
Ecologia
marino pelagic-neritic; distribuzione batimetrica 0 - 310 m (Ref. 96339), usually ? - 219 m (Ref. 54433). Subtropical; 51°N - 21°N, 131°W - 108°W (Ref. 54433)
Northeast Pacific: northern Vancouver Island south to Cape San Lucas, Baja California, Mexico. Two subspecies recognized: Engraulis mordax mordax from British Columbia to Baja California and Engraulis mordax nanus in Bays of California.
Lunghezza alla prima maturità / Dimensione / Peso / Età
Maturità: Lm 9.6  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 24.8 cm SL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 27436); common length : 15.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 9988); peso massimo pubblicato: 68.00 g (Ref. 56527); Età massima riportata: 7 anni (Ref. 6884)
Breve descrizione
Chiavi di identificazione | Morfologia | Morfometria
Spine dorsali (totale) : 0; Raggi dorsali molli (totale) : 14 - 19; Spine anali: 0; Raggi anali molli: 19 - 26; Vertebre: 43 - 47. Snout quite sharply pointed; maxilla moderate, tip sharply pointed, reaching to or almost to hind border of pre-operculum, projecting well beyond tip of second supra-maxilla; tip of lower jaw below nostril. gill rakers slender, long; absent on hind face of third epibranchial. Anal fin origin under about base of last dorsal fin ray. A silver stripe along flank, disappearing with age.
Body shape (shape guide): elongated; Cross section: oval.
Usually found in coastal waters within about 30 km from shore, but as far out as 480 km, forming large, tightly packed schools. Enters bays and inlets. Feeds on euphausiids, copepods and decapod larvae, both by random filter-feeding and by 'pecking' at prey. Oviparous, epipelagic batch spawner (Ref. 6882). Spawns throughout the year, peaking once (Ref. 6882). Processed into fishmeal, used as bait for tuna, occasionally canned (Ref. 9298).
Spawns from British Colombia south to Magdalena Bay, Baja California, but most abundantly between Point Conception and Point San Juanico. There are two major spawning areas: 1) off southern California and northern Baja California and 2) off central and southern Baja California. Oviparous (Ref. 35602). Spawns either in inlets or offshore, throughout the year but mainly in winter and early spring, depending on hydrological conditions (preferably at 10 to 23.3° C in upper water layers and around 22.00 hours). Spawning occurs at night between 2000 and 0400 hour (Ref. 6882).
Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/2):305-579. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 189)
Stato della Lista Rossa IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Minaccia per l'uomo
Harmless
Usi umani
Pesca: commerciale; esca: usually
Strumenti
Rapporti speciali
Scarica XML
Fonti Internet
Stime basate su modelli
Indice di diversità filogenetica (Fonte Biblio. 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5020 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
|
Bayesian length-weight
|
a=0.00550 (0.00351 - 0.00861), b=3.08 (2.95 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245). |
Livello trofico (Fonte Biblio. 69278) |
3.1 ±0.28 se; based on food items. |
|
Generation time |
2.3 (1.6 - 2.6) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 17 growth studies. |
Resilienza (Fonte Biblio. 120179) |
Medio, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione 1.4 - 4.4 anni (rm=0.36; K=0.2-0.6; tm=1-4; tmax=7; Fec=4000). |
|
Rate of population increase |
Prior r = 0.50, 95% CL = 0.33 - 0.75, Based on 2 data-limited stock assessments. |
Vulnerabilità della pesca (Ref. 59153) |
Low vulnerability (24 of 100). 🛈 |
Vulnerabilità climatica (Ref. 125649) |
Low vulnerability (22 of 100). 🛈 |
Categoria di prezzo (Ref. 80766) |
Low.
|
Nutrienti (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 159 [69, 355] mg/100g; Iron = 1.23 [0.60, 2.84] mg/100g; Protein = 18.6 [17.4, 19.9] %; Omega3 = 0.841 [0.514, 1.405] g/100g; Selenium = 20.5 [9.8, 42.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 13.9 [3.2, 56.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.01 [0.65, 1.56] mg/100g (wet weight); |