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Atheriniformes (Silversides) >
Atherinidae (Silversides) > Atherininae
Etymology: Atherina: Greek, atherina, the Greek name for the eperlane; 1770 (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Guillaume Boyer de Nice was a poet. The species was described in a book about the ichthyology of Nice. Risso chose to name the smelt after a historic son of that city; the poet who was a “…troubadour distingué du troisième siècle.” (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Risso.
पर्यावरण: पर्यावरण / जलवायु क्षेत्र / गहराई सीमा / वितरण सीमा
पारिस्थितिकी
समुद्री; स्वच्छ जल, अलवण जल; खारा ड़िमरसल; ऐम्फिढरोमस (Ref. 59043); गहराई सीमा 1 - ? m. Subtropical; 53°N - 20°N, 18°W - 42°E
Eastern Atlantic: Portugal and Spain to Nouadhibou in Mauritania and Madeira, and throughout the Mediterranean and Black Sea. Isolated populations on coasts of England and the Netherlands (Ref. 5980). Previously, two subspecies were recognized in Russian waters: Atherina boyeri pontica (Eichwald, 1838) from the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov and Atherina boyeri caspia (Eichwald, 1838) from the Caspian Sea (Ref. 26334).
प्रथम परिपक्वता पर लंबाई / आकार / वज़न / आयु
परिपक्व अवधि: Lm 5.8, range 5 - ? cm
Max length : 20.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 30578); अधिकतम सूचित उम्र: 4 वर्षो (Ref. 59043)
पृष्ठीय रीढ़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 7 - 10; पृष्ठीय सौफट रेज़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 8 - 16; गुदा कांटा: 2; ऐनल सौफट रेज़: 10 - 18. Eye diameter wider than snout length (Ref. 35388).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.
A very euryhaline species, where adults are frequently found in brackish waters and more sporadically in freshwater (Ref. 3788), preferring still or slow flowing waters in freshwater (Ref. 59043). They are found in lower parts of rivers, estuaries, coastal lakes and sea; pelagic in lakes (Ref. 59043). Adults occur in great schools. They are carnivorous, feeding on small crustaceans, worms, mollusks (Ref. 5980) and fish larvae (Ref. 35388) in lakes and estuaries, and on benthos in rivers (Ref. 59043). Can usually live 1 to 2 years, rarely up to 4 years. Some populations undergo spawning migrations into estuaries. Mature individuals are fractional spawners, larger individuals spawn for a longer period. Eggs are demersal, with long hairy appendages attaching them to the substrate consisting of filamentous algae, often at depths of 2 to 6 m. Larvae are pelagic often forming schools close to the shores (Ref. 59043).
Maugé, L.A., 1990. Atherinidae. p. 604-605. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 4499)
आईयूसीएन रेड लिस्ट स्थिति (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
मनुष्यों के लिए ख़तरा
Harmless
मानव उपयोग
मात्स्यिकी: व्यापारिक
साधन
विशेष रिपोर्ट
XML डाउनलोड करें
इंटरनेट स्रोत
मॉडल पर आधारित अनुमान
जातिवृति विविधता सूचकांक (संदर्भ 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.00575 (0.00484 - 0.00684), b=3.07 (3.02 - 3.12), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
ट्रॉफिक स्तर (संदर्भ 69278) |
3.2 ±0.36 se; based on food items. |
लौटाव (संदर्भ 120179) |
माध्यम, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी होने का समय 1.4 - 4.4 वर्ष। (K=0.8; tm=1; tmax=4;). |
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Rate of population increase |
Prior r = 0.57, 95% CL = 0.38 - 0.85, Based on 3 data-limited stock assessments. |
मछली पकड़ने की भेद्यता (Ref. 59153) |
Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100). 🛈 |
जलवायु भेद्यता (Ref. 125649) |
Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100). 🛈 |
मूल्य श्रेणी (Ref. 80766) |
High.
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पोषक तत्व (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 134 [71, 293] mg/100g; Iron = 1.07 [0.63, 1.91] mg/100g; Protein = 20.4 [19.0, 21.6] %; Omega3 = 0.34 [0.18, 0.64] g/100g; Selenium = 14.4 [6.8, 32.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 25.1 [8.8, 69.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.4 [0.9, 2.0] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |