Epinephelus morio (Valenciennes, 1828)
Red grouper
個人による観察記録の追加 Fish Watcher
| Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050 |
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| This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed. |
| Epinephelus morio AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS |
分類 / 名前 共通名の | 類義語 | Catalog of Fishes(部類, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
> Perciformes/Serranoidei (Groupers) > Epinephelidae (Groupers)
Etymology: Epinephelus: Greek, epinephelos = cloudy (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Valenciennes.
Etymology: Epinephelus: Greek, epinephelos = cloudy (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Valenciennes.
環境：環境 / 気候帯 / 深さの範囲 / 分布範囲 生態学
海 関連する礁; 移住性ではない; 深さの範囲 5 - 330 m (Ref. 13442), usually 70 - 330 m (Ref. 13442). Subtropical; 35°N - 27°S, 98°W - 33°W (Ref. 5222)
分布 領土 | 国連食糧農業機関の区域 | エコシステム | 事件 | 目的のマップ | 導入 | Faunafri
Western Atlantic: North Carolina, USA to southern Brazil, including the Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean, and Bermuda; strays occur north to Massachusetts.
初回成熟時の長さ / サイズ / 重さ / 年齢
成熟: Lm 54.4, range 35 - 98 cm
Max length : 125 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 26340); common length : 50.0 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 5217); 最大公表体重: 23.0 kg (Ref. 9710); 最大記録サイズ: 25 年 (Ref. 5222)
Max length : 125 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 26340); common length : 50.0 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 5217); 最大公表体重: 23.0 kg (Ref. 9710); 最大記録サイズ: 25 年 (Ref. 5222)
簡単な記述 検索表 | 形態学 | 形態計測学
背面の脊椎 (合計) : 11; 背鰭 (合計) : 16 - 17; 肛門の骨: 3; 臀鰭: 8 - 10. Color of head and body dark reddish brown, shading to pink or reddish below. Opercle with 3 flat spines, the middle one being the largest. Vertical fins angulate in larger fish. Pelvic fins shorter than pectorals and inserted slightly behind ventral and pectoral-fin base. Bases of soft dorsal and anal fins covered with scales and thick skin. No saddle on caudal peduncle. Interspinous membranes not incised (Ref. 26938); head length 2.3-2.5 times in SL; convex interorbital; subangular preopercle, serrae at angle slightly enlarged; straight upper edge of operculum; posterior and anterior nostrils subequal (Ref. 89707).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.
Adults occur mainly over rocky and muddy bottoms. Uncommon around coral reefs. Usually rest on the bottom (Ref. 9710). Juveniles may be found in shallow water, but adults are usually taken from depths of 70-330 m (Ref. 13442). Feed on a wide variety of fishes and invertebrates. Are protogynous hermaphrodites (Ref. 55367). Most females transform to males between ages 7 to 14. Susceptible to red tide toxin (Ptychodiscus brevi) (Ref. 5222). Marketed fresh or frozen. The world record for hook and line, 39 lbs., from Cape Canaveral, Florida (Ref. 13442).
ライフサイクルと交尾行動 成熟 | 繁殖 | 放精 | 卵 | 生産力 | 幼生
Sex change occurs at 75.5 cm TL and 9.5 years of age (Ref. 55367).
主な参考文献
参考文献のアップロード | 参考文献 | コーディネーター | 協力者
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
IUCNのレッドリストの状況は (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
脆弱 (VU) (A2bd); Date assessed: 20 November 2016
CITES
Not Evaluated
人間に対する脅威
Other (Ref. 5222)
人間の用途
水産業: 商業; ゲームフィッシュ: はい; 水族館・水槽: 公共の水族館
FAO - 水産業: landings search; Publication: search | FishSource | 私達の周りの海
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インターネットの情報源
AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: 部類, 種 | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - 水産業: landings search; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GloBI | GoMexSI (interaction data) | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | 国のデーターベース | OneZoom | Open Tree of Life | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | 公共の水族館 | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | TreeBase | 生命の木 | Wikipedia: 行く, 検索する | World Records Freshwater Fishing | 動物に関する記録
モデルに基づく推定値
|
系統多様性指数 (参照 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
| Bayesian length-weight | a=0.01445 (0.00936 - 0.02232), b=3.01 (2.89 - 3.13), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245). |
|
栄養段階 (参照 69278) |
3.5 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies. |
| Generation time | 8.9 (6.9 - 10.9) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 15 growth studies. |
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回復力 (参照 120179) |
手段, １．４年～４．４年の倍増期間の最小個体群 (K=0.1-0.18; tm=4-6; tmax=25; Fec=1.4 million). |
| Rate of population increase | Prior r = 0.64, 95% CL = 0.42 - 0.96, Based on 2 full stock assessments. |
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漁業の脆弱性 (Ref. 59153) |
High vulnerability (64 of 100). 🛈 |
|
気候脆弱性 (Ref. 125649) |
High vulnerability (63 of 100). 🛈 |
|
価格帯 (Ref. 80766) |
Medium. |
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栄養素 (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 9.76 [3.62, 22.19] mg/100g; Iron = 0.41 [0.20, 0.85] mg/100g; Protein = 19.1 [17.5, 20.5] %; Omega3 = 0.176 [0.093, 0.338] g/100g; Selenium = 30.3 [14.5, 64.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 65.2 [15.5, 263.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.743 [0.486, 1.122] mg/100g (wet weight); |