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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Sciaena: Greek, skiaina, skion = a fish, red mullet (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
البيئة: الوسط / المنطقة المناخية / نطاق العمق / نطاق التوزيع
البيئة
بحري; مياه مخلوطة القاع; نطاق العمق 1 - 200 m (Ref. 9505). Subtropical; 51°N - 13°N, 19°W - 42°E
Eastern Atlantic: Southern Bay of Biscay to Mauritania, occasionally southwards to Senegal. Also throughout the Mediterranean and Black seas. Records from Ghana (Ref. 6810) and Gabon (Ref. 5516) are questionable. Two records in Belgium were actually for Micropogonias undulatus (Linnaeus, 1766) (Ref. 117298). The record off Wimereux is a misinterpretation during data entry mistake from the the Müller (2004, Ref. YYY) (Bailly, pers. comm., March 2018).
الطول عند النضج الأول / الحجم / وزن / العمر
النضج: Lm 23.5  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 70.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 3397); common length : 28.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 3397); العمر: 21 سنين (Ref. 9505)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 11; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 23 - 25; شوكة شرجية: 2; أشعه شرجية لينه: 7 - 8.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Occurs in shallow coastal waters mainly on rocky and sandy bottoms, often entering estuaries and more active at night. Also inhabits caves and reefs (Ref. 9987). Feeds on small fishes and crustaceans (Ref. 4780). SCUBA diving observations suggest this to be a very calm fish with remarkable buoyancy control and an ability to move without much apparent effort (Ref. 9505). Marketed fresh and frozen; in Turkey, otoliths are ground to a powder and used as remedy for urinary tract infections (Ref. 9987).
Chao, L.N. and E. Trewavas, 1990. Sciaenidae. p. 813-826. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3593)
حالة القائمة الحمراء للاتحاد الدولي لحفظ الطبيعة والموارد الطبيعية (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: تجاري
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
تنزيل XML
مصادر علي الأنترنت
تقديرات تستند إلى النماذج
مؤشر التنوع الشُعبي الوراثي (مرجع 82804) |
PD50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.00871 (0.00796 - 0.00953), b=3.07 (3.05 - 3.09), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
مستوى غذائي (مرجع 69278) |
3.8 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies. |
المرونه (مرجع 120179) |
وسيط, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 1.4-4.4 سنة (K=0.19; tm=3; tmax=21). |
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Rate of population increase |
Prior r = 0.59, 95% CL = 0.39 - 0.88, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment. |
ضعف الصيد (Ref. 59153) |
Moderate to high vulnerability (46 of 100). 🛈 |
قابلية التأثر بالمناخ (Ref. 125649) |
High vulnerability (62 of 100). 🛈 |
فئة السعر (Ref. 80766) |
Very high.
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المغذيات (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 48 [28, 95] mg/100g; Iron = 0.789 [0.426, 1.386] mg/100g; Protein = 20.1 [18.5, 21.7] %; Omega3 = 0.355 [0.207, 0.554] g/100g; Selenium = 32.5 [16.8, 59.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 12.4 [4.3, 38.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.779 [0.570, 1.144] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |