Milieu: milieu / Klimaatzone / Diepte / verspreidingsgebied
Ecologie
marien; brak water demersaal; katadroom (Ref. 138297); diepte 10 - ? m (Ref. 3573). Subtropical; 47°N - 29°N, 11°W - 42°E
Eastern Atlantic: Mediterranean Sea, the Black Sea, Sea of Azov and Atlantic coasts from Morocco to France. Introduced to Iran and is now naturally occurring in the Caspian Sea basin (Ref. 50218).
Lengte bij maturiteit / Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturiteit: Lm 21.3, range 17 - 22 cm
Max length : 40.0 cm SL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 3397); common length : 30.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 9987); max. gerapporteerde leeftijd: 4 Jaren (Ref. 27030)
Adults usually in schools inhabit coastal waters (Ref. 3573); sometimes in lagoons and estuaries (Ref. 59043). Juveniles around 2.0 cm SL move to coastal lagoons and estuaries in summer and autumn (Ref. 59043). Adults are herbivorous feeding on algae and vegetal detritus while juveniles feed on zooplankton until about 3 cm SL, then on benthic organisms until 5 cm SL (Ref. 9987, 59043). Reproduce in summer (Ref. 2804). Oviparous, eggs are pelagic and non-adhesive (Ref. 205). Utilized for roe, but also fresh, smoked and frozen (Ref. 9987).
Thomson, J.M., 1986. Mugilidae. p. 344-349. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels, MRAC; Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3573)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Gevaar voor de mens
Harmless
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: van minder commercieel belang; Aquacultuur: commercieel
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Schattingen op basis van modellen
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref. 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5010 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.01047 (0.00873 - 0.01257), b=2.96 (2.93 - 2.99), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
Trofisch niveau (Ref. 69278) |
2.9 ±0.38 se; based on food items. |
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Generation time |
4.2 (3.4 - 5.5) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 12 growth studies. |
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref. 120179) |
Gemiddeld, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 1,4-4,4 jaar (K=0.1-0.3; tm=2-4; tmax=4). |
Kwetsbaarheid van de visserij (Ref. 59153) |
Moderate to high vulnerability (45 of 100). 🛈 |
Kwetsbaarheid voor het klimaat (Ref. 125649) |
Moderate vulnerability (39 of 100). 🛈 |
Prijsklasse (Ref. 80766) |
Medium.
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Voedingsstoffen (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 51.7 [14.1, 292.9] mg/100g; Iron = 0.722 [0.360, 1.278] mg/100g; Protein = 18.4 [17.0, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 0.73 [0.33, 1.67] g/100g; Selenium = 6.96 [2.86, 17.33] μg/100g; VitaminA = 12.3 [3.7, 38.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.621 [0.386, 0.987] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |