Synapturichthys kleinii, Klein's sole : fisheries

Synapturichthys kleinii (Risso, 1827)

Klein's sole
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Synapturichthys kleinii   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Synapturichthys kleinii (Klein\
Synapturichthys kleinii
Picture by Horst, D.

Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes(genus, species) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei (teleosts) > Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) > Soleidae (Soles)
Etymology: Synapturichthys: Greek, syn, symphysis = grown together + Greek, aptein = to join + Greek, oura = tail + Greek, ichthys = fish (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Jacob Theodor Klein (1685–1759) was a German jurist, historian, botanist, zoologist and mathematician. His publications on fishes include: Historiae Piscium Naturalis promovendae Missus primus Gedani (1744). (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Risso.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Marine; brackish; demersal; depth range 20 - 460 m (Ref. 5304). Subtropical; 44°N - 32°S

Distribution Territories | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Eastern Atlantic and Western Indian Ocean: Mediterranean south to Durban, South Africa.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: Lm 29.0  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 3200); common length : 15.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 3397)

Short description Identification keys | Morphology | Morphometrics

Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 75 - 92; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 63 - 72; Vertebrae: 46 - 47. Brownish with irregular white or dark lines, spots and ocelli; fins blackish (Ref. 3200).
Body shape (shape guide): short and / or deep.

Biology     Glossary (e.g. epibenthic)

Inhabits sandy and muddy bottoms; mainly in shallow water (Ref. 3200).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Desoutter, M., 1990. Soleidae. p. 1037-1049. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 5304)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))

  Data deficient (DD) ; Date assessed: 20 May 2013

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Harmless





Human uses

Fisheries: commercial
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

More information

Trophic ecology
Food items (preys)
Diet composition
Food consumption
Food rations
Predators
Ecology
Ecology
Population dynamics
Growth parameters
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Recruitment
Abundance
Life cycle
Reproduction
Maturity
Maturity/Gills rel.
Fecundity
Spawning
Spawning aggregations
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
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Distribution
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FAO areas
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BRUVS - Videos
Anatomy
Gill area
Brain
Otolith
Physiology
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Nutrients
Oxygen consumption
Swimming type
Swimming speed
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Genetics
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Aquaculture profiles
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Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
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Taxonomy
Common names
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Morphology
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References
References

Tools

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Special reports

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Summary page | Point data | Common names | Photos

Internet sources

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: genus, species | DiscoverLife | DORIS | ECOTOX | FAO - Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | National databases | OneZoom | Open Tree of Life | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | TreeBase | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: Go, Search | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index
(Ref. 82804) 		PD50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight a=0.01023 (0.00656 - 0.01597), b=2.98 (2.85 - 3.11), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level
(Ref. 69278) 		3.6   ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Generation time 3.3 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2 growth studies.
Resilience
(Ref. 120179) 		Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (K=0.3).
Fishing Vulnerability
(Ref. 59153) 		Low to moderate vulnerability (33 of 100). 🛈
Price category
(Ref. 80766) 		Very high.
Nutrients
(Ref. 124155) 		Calcium = 113 [43, 206] mg/100g; Iron = 1.05 [0.44, 2.03] mg/100g; Protein = 19 [17, 21] %; Omega3 = 0.283 [0.134, 0.560] g/100g; Selenium = 35.1 [17.9, 69.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 10.7 [3.9, 29.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.86 [0.57, 1.25] mg/100g (wet weight);