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Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) >
Soleidae (Soles)
Etymology: Synapturichthys: Greek, syn, symphysis = grown together + Greek, aptein = to join + Greek, oura = tail + Greek, ichthys = fish (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Jacob Theodor Klein (1685–1759) was a German jurist, historian, botanist, zoologist and mathematician. His publications on fishes include: Historiae Piscium Naturalis promovendae Missus primus Gedani (1744). (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Risso.
Milieu: milieu / Klimaatzone / Diepte / verspreidingsgebied
Ecologie
marien; brak water demersaal; diepte 20 - 460 m (Ref. 5304). Subtropical; 44°N - 32°S
Eastern Atlantic and Western Indian Ocean: Mediterranean south to Durban, South Africa.
Lengte bij maturiteit / Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturiteit: Lm 29.0  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 3200); common length : 15.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 3397)
Korte beschrijving
Determinatiesleutels | Morfologie | Morfometrie
Dorsale stekels (totaal) : 0; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal) : 75 - 92; Anale stekels: 0; Anale zachte stralen: 63 - 72; Wervels: 46 - 47. Brownish with irregular white or dark lines, spots and ocelli; fins blackish (Ref. 3200).
Body shape (shape guide): short and / or deep.
Inhabits sandy and muddy bottoms; mainly in shallow water (Ref. 3200).
Levenscyclus en paargedrag
Maturiteit | Voortplanting | Paaien | Eieren | Fecunditeit | Larven
Desoutter, M., 1990. Soleidae. p. 1037-1049. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 5304)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Gevaar voor de mens
Harmless
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: commercieel
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Schattingen op basis van modellen
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref. 82804) |
PD50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.01023 (0.00656 - 0.01597), b=2.98 (2.85 - 3.11), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245). |
Trofisch niveau (Ref. 69278) |
3.6 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives |
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Generation time |
3.3 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2 growth studies. |
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref. 120179) |
Gemiddeld, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 1,4-4,4 jaar (K=0.3). |
Kwetsbaarheid van de visserij (Ref. 59153) |
Low to moderate vulnerability (33 of 100). 🛈 |
Prijsklasse (Ref. 80766) |
Very high.
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Voedingsstoffen (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 113 [43, 206] mg/100g; Iron = 1.05 [0.44, 2.03] mg/100g; Protein = 19 [17, 21] %; Omega3 = 0.283 [0.134, 0.560] g/100g; Selenium = 35.1 [17.9, 69.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 10.7 [3.9, 29.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.86 [0.57, 1.25] mg/100g (wet weight); |