Acipenser sturio, Sturgeon : fisheries, aquaculture

Acipenser sturio Linnaeus, 1758

Sturgeon
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Acipenser sturio   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Acipenser sturio (Sturgeon)
Acipenser sturio
Afbeelding van Svensson, A.

Classificatie / Namen Lokale namen | Synoniemen | Catalog of Fishes(Genus, Soort(en)) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Acipenseriformes (Sturgeons and paddlefishes) > Acipenseridae (Sturgeons)
Etymology: Acipenser: Latin, acipenser = sturgeon, 1853 (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.

Milieu: milieu / Klimaatzone / Diepte / verspreidingsgebied Ecologie

marien; zoet water; brak water demersaal; pH range: 7.5 - ? ; dH range: 10 - 20; anadroom (Ref. 138126); diepte 4 - 93 m (Ref. 51346), usually 5 - 60 m (Ref. 26160). Temperate; 10°C - 18°C (Ref. 2059); 71°N - 34°N, 25°W - 42°E (Ref. 59043)

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Currently restricted only to the Garonne River in France (Ref. 137675). Used to range from Norway to the Bay of Biscay, including the North Sea, European coasts of Atlantic, northern Mediterranean eastward to Rhodos, western and southern Black Sea; occasionally recorded from the White Sea, Iceland, Morocco and Algeria. Anadromous, in most large rivers, but not recorded from Danube upriver of delta. Recent DNA studies using museum specimens revealed that this species co-exists with A. naccarii from the Adriatic Sea to the Iberian Peninsula (Ref. 52173). Several DNA sequence differences were found between individuals of the species from the Gironde River population and from the North and Baltic Seas showing that different populations of A. sturio are genetically divergent (Ref. 82476).

Lengte bij maturiteit / Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd

Maturiteit: Lm ?, range 165 - ? cm
Max length : 600 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 59043); common length : 125 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 3397); max. gepubliceerd gewicht: 400.0 kg (Ref. 556); max. gepubliceerd gewicht: 400.0 kg; max. gerapporteerde leeftijd: 100 Jaren (Ref. 556)

Korte beschrijving Determinatiesleutels | Morfologie | Morfometrie

Dorsale stekels (totaal) : 0; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal) : 30 - 44; Anale stekels: 0; Anale zachte stralen: 23 - 30. Body elongated, pentagonal section (Ref. 51442). Snout moderate with tip narrow and pointed (Ref. 3397), mouth inferior (Ref. 59043). Lower lip not continuous, interrupted at center (Ref. 3397). Four barbels halfway between snout tip and mouth but not reaching the latter (Ref. 3397, Ref. 51442). No scales, but 5 rows of scutes on the body: dorsal 9-16, lateral 24-39 on each side, ventral 9-14 on each side, with dense cross-lines of smaller rhombic plates between the dorsal and lateral rows (Ref. 2196, Ref. 3397, Ref. 40476, Ref. 51442). Dorsal side greenish-brown to blackish with golden tints, flanks light with silvery tints, belly white (Ref. 3397).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.

Biologie     Verklarende woordenlijst (bv. epibenthic)

Amphihaline and anadromous fish (Ref. 51346, 51439), frequenting littoral zones (Ref. 2163, 51439, 51442). A long-lived and slow-growing species (Ref. 9988). It lives the major part of his life in sea but enters rivers for reproduction (Ref. 30578, 51442). Found on various substrates, from sand to rocks (Ref. 51346). At the sea, it occurs in coastal and estuarine zones. In freshwaters, it inhabits estuaries and large rivers (Ref. 59043). Juveniles found both in estuaries and in the sea (Ref. 2163), they slowly adapt to saltwater (Ref. 89103) and usually spend around 2-3 years in river estuaries before moving to the sea (Ref. 40152), some may migrate to the sea during their first summer (Ref. 59043). Usually solitary. Feeds on crustaceans, mollusks, polychaete worms and small fish. Today most males only reach 100-150 cm length, females 130-215 cm (Ref. 59043, 89104). Utilized fresh and frozen, and also for caviar; eaten steamed, pan-fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988). A threatened species, mainly due to bycatch, poaching, habitat degradation (spawning grounds, nursery areas) and physical obstacles to migration (Ref. 26160).

Levenscyclus en paargedrag Maturiteit | Voortplanting | Paaien | Eieren | Fecunditeit | Larven

Anadromous species, with adults migrating to the middle reaches of large rivers mainly in spring and early summer. Spawning occurs between March and August, when water temperature rises above 20 °C at depths of 2-10 m over stony bottoms in areas with strong current (1.5-2.0 m/s) (Ref. 51442, 59043, 89103). Mature individuals do not feed during spawning migration (Ref. 3193). Number of spawned eggs increases with age. After spawning adults return to the sea (Ref. 51442). The development of the sticky dark grey eggs (2.6-3.0 mm diameter) takes about one week at 17°C (Ref. 26160, 35388). It is suggested that males spawn every 2 years, females every 3-4 years (Ref. 89072). Upstream spawning migrations appear to be positively correlated with water levels in rivers and distances of 1,000 kilometres or more may be covered when water levels are high (Ref. 89104). Sturgeons in general have a high capacity for hybridization and most species are able to cross-breed (Ref. 89103, 89117). This species has been reported to cross-breed (albeit rarely) with the Danube sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedti) (Ref. 89105).

Hoofdreferentie Upload uw referenties | Referenties | Coördinator | Medewerkers

Bauchot, M.-L., 1987. Poissons osseux. p. 891-1421. In W. Fischer, M.L. Bauchot and M. Schneider (eds.) Fiches FAO d'identification pour les besoins de la pêche. (rev. 1). Méditerranée et mer Noire. Zone de pêche 37. Vol. II. Commission des Communautés Européennes and FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3397)

Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))

  Ernstig bedreigd (CR) (A2cde; D); Date assessed: 15 September 2020

CITES

Appendix I: International trade banned

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Appendix I & II: Endangered migratory species conserved through agreements

Gevaar voor de mens

  Harmless





Gebruik door de mens

Visserij: commercieel; Aquacultuur: commercieel
FAO - Aquacultuursystemen: production searchvisserij: soortsprofiel; Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us

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Schattingen op basis van modellen

Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex
(Ref. 82804) 		PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight a=0.00257 (0.00150 - 0.00440), b=3.14 (2.99 - 3.29), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).
Trofisch niveau
(Ref. 69278) 		3.5   ±0.51 se; based on food items.
Generation time 36.6 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1 growth studies.
Weerstandsvermogen
(Ref. 120179) 		Zeer laag, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd meer dan 14 jaar (tm=7-20; tmax=100).
Kwetsbaarheid van de visserij
(Ref. 59153) 		Very high vulnerability (88 of 100). 🛈
Kwetsbaarheid voor het klimaat
(Ref. 125649) 		Moderate to high vulnerability (47 of 100). 🛈
Prijsklasse
(Ref. 80766) 		Unknown.
Voedingsstoffen
(Ref. 124155) 		Calcium = 8.49 [4.38, 16.01] mg/100g; Iron = 0.212 [0.119, 0.345] mg/100g; Protein = 17.7 [15.1, 20.3] %; Omega3 = 0.293 [0.144, 0.603] g/100g; Selenium = 30.4 [14.0, 64.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 3.3 [1.0, 11.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.403 [0.274, 0.606] mg/100g (wet weight);