Acipenser sturio, Sturgeon : fisheries, aquaculture

Acipenser sturio Linnaeus, 1758

Sturgeon
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Acipenser sturio   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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عکس ها | تمبر، سکه، متفرقه. | تصوير گوگل
Image of Acipenser sturio (Sturgeon)
Acipenser sturio
عکس از Svensson, A.

رده بندی / نام‌ها اسامي عام | مترادف | Catalog of Fishes(جنس, گونه ها) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Acipenseriformes (Sturgeons and paddlefishes) > Acipenseridae (Sturgeons)
Etymology: Acipenser: Latin, acipenser = sturgeon, 1853 (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.

محیط زیست: محیط زیست / منطقه آب و هوایی / تغييرات عمق / محدوده توزیع بوم شناسي

دريايي; آب شيرين; لب شور نزديك كف زي; pH range: 7.5 - ? ; dH range: 10 - 20; رود کوچ (Ref. 138126); تغييرات عمق 4 - 93 m (Ref. 51346), usually 5 - 60 m (Ref. 26160). Temperate; 10°C - 18°C (Ref. 2059); 71°N - 34°N, 25°W - 42°E (Ref. 59043)

پراكنش سرزمین‌ها | مناطق سازمان خوار و بار جهاني (FAO) | اکوسیستم‌ها | ظهور | نقشه نقطه ای | معرفي | Faunafri

Currently restricted only to the Garonne River in France (Ref. 137675). Used to range from Norway to the Bay of Biscay, including the North Sea, European coasts of Atlantic, northern Mediterranean eastward to Rhodos, western and southern Black Sea; occasionally recorded from the White Sea, Iceland, Morocco and Algeria. Anadromous, in most large rivers, but not recorded from Danube upriver of delta. Recent DNA studies using museum specimens revealed that this species co-exists with A. naccarii from the Adriatic Sea to the Iberian Peninsula (Ref. 52173). Several DNA sequence differences were found between individuals of the species from the Gironde River population and from the North and Baltic Seas showing that different populations of A. sturio are genetically divergent (Ref. 82476).

طول در اولین بلوغ / اندازه / وزن / سن

بلوغ: Lm ?, range 165 - ? cm
Max length : 600 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 59043); common length : 125 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 3397); بيشينه وزن گزارش شده: 400.0 kg (Ref. 556); بيشينه وزن گزارش شده: 400.0 kg; بيشينه سن گزارش شده: 100 سال ها (Ref. 556)

توصيف مختصر كليدهاي شناسايي | ريخت شناسي | ريخت ستجي بوسيله انداره گيري

خارهاي باله پشتي (کل) : 0; شعاع نرم باله پشتي (کل) : 30 - 44; خارهاي باله مخرجي: 0; شعاع نرم باله مخرجي: 23 - 30. Body elongated, pentagonal section (Ref. 51442). Snout moderate with tip narrow and pointed (Ref. 3397), mouth inferior (Ref. 59043). Lower lip not continuous, interrupted at center (Ref. 3397). Four barbels halfway between snout tip and mouth but not reaching the latter (Ref. 3397, Ref. 51442). No scales, but 5 rows of scutes on the body: dorsal 9-16, lateral 24-39 on each side, ventral 9-14 on each side, with dense cross-lines of smaller rhombic plates between the dorsal and lateral rows (Ref. 2196, Ref. 3397, Ref. 40476, Ref. 51442). Dorsal side greenish-brown to blackish with golden tints, flanks light with silvery tints, belly white (Ref. 3397).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.

زيست شناسي     واژه نامه (بعنوان مثال epibenthic)

Amphihaline and anadromous fish (Ref. 51346, 51439), frequenting littoral zones (Ref. 2163, 51439, 51442). A long-lived and slow-growing species (Ref. 9988). It lives the major part of his life in sea but enters rivers for reproduction (Ref. 30578, 51442). Found on various substrates, from sand to rocks (Ref. 51346). At the sea, it occurs in coastal and estuarine zones. In freshwaters, it inhabits estuaries and large rivers (Ref. 59043). Juveniles found both in estuaries and in the sea (Ref. 2163), they slowly adapt to saltwater (Ref. 89103) and usually spend around 2-3 years in river estuaries before moving to the sea (Ref. 40152), some may migrate to the sea during their first summer (Ref. 59043). Usually solitary. Feeds on crustaceans, mollusks, polychaete worms and small fish. Today most males only reach 100-150 cm length, females 130-215 cm (Ref. 59043, 89104). Utilized fresh and frozen, and also for caviar; eaten steamed, pan-fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988). A threatened species, mainly due to bycatch, poaching, habitat degradation (spawning grounds, nursery areas) and physical obstacles to migration (Ref. 26160).

چرخه زندگی و رفتار جفت‌گیری بلوغ | تولید مثل | تخم ریزی | تخم ها | باروری | توزاد ( لارو)

Anadromous species, with adults migrating to the middle reaches of large rivers mainly in spring and early summer. Spawning occurs between March and August, when water temperature rises above 20 °C at depths of 2-10 m over stony bottoms in areas with strong current (1.5-2.0 m/s) (Ref. 51442, 59043, 89103). Mature individuals do not feed during spawning migration (Ref. 3193). Number of spawned eggs increases with age. After spawning adults return to the sea (Ref. 51442). The development of the sticky dark grey eggs (2.6-3.0 mm diameter) takes about one week at 17°C (Ref. 26160, 35388). It is suggested that males spawn every 2 years, females every 3-4 years (Ref. 89072). Upstream spawning migrations appear to be positively correlated with water levels in rivers and distances of 1,000 kilometres or more may be covered when water levels are high (Ref. 89104). Sturgeons in general have a high capacity for hybridization and most species are able to cross-breed (Ref. 89103, 89117). This species has been reported to cross-breed (albeit rarely) with the Danube sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedti) (Ref. 89105).

مآخذ اصلی مراجع خود را بارگذاری کنید | مراجع | هماهنگ كننده | همكاران

Bauchot, M.-L., 1987. Poissons osseux. p. 891-1421. In W. Fischer, M.L. Bauchot and M. Schneider (eds.) Fiches FAO d'identification pour les besoins de la pêche. (rev. 1). Méditerranée et mer Noire. Zone de pêche 37. Vol. II. Commission des Communautés Européennes and FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3397)

وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))

  درمعرض خطر بحرانی (CR) (A2cde; D); Date assessed: 15 September 2020

CITES


خطر برای انسان ها

  Harmless





استفاده انسانی

ماهي گيري – شيلات: تجاري; آبزي پروري: تجاري
FAO - سیستم‌های آبزی‌پروری: production searchماهي گيري – شيلات: نمايه گونه; Publication: search | FishSource | دریای اطراف ما

اطلاعات بيشتر

بوم‌شناسی گرمسیری
اقلام غذایی (طعمه‌ها)
تركيب غذايي
مصرف غذايي
جیره غذایی
شکارچیان
بوم شناسي
بوم شناسي
پویایی جمعیت
پارامترهای رشد
حداکثر سن/اندازه
نسبت طول-وزن.
طول-طول نسبی.
نوسانات طولی
تبدیل انبوه
بازسازی
فراواني
چرخه زندگی
تولید مثل
بلوغ
بلوغ/آبشش‌ها
باروری
تخم ریزی
تجمعات تخم‌ریزی
تخم ها
نمو تخم
توزاد ( لارو)
پويايي لاروي
آناتومی
منطقه آبششي
مغز
اتولیت
فیزیولوژی
ترکیب بدن
مواد مغذی
مصرف اکسیژن
نوع شنا
سرعت شنا
رنگدانه‌های بصری
صدای ماهی
بیماری‌ها و انگل‌ها
سمیت (LC50s)
ژنتيك
ژنوم
ژنتيك
هتروزیگوسیتی
وارث
تنوع ژنتیکی
مرتبط با انسان
سیستم‌های آبزی‌پروری
نمايه هاي آبزي پروري
نژادها
موارد سیگواترا
تمبر، سکه، متفرقه.
اطلاع رسانی
همكاران
طبقه‌بندی
اسامي عام
مترادف
ريخت شناسي
ريخت ستجي بوسيله انداره گيري
عکس ها
مراجع
مراجع

ابزارها

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منابع اينترنتي

تخمین‌ها بر اساس مدل‌ها

شاخص تنوع فیلوژنتیکی
(مرجع 82804)
PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight a=0.00257 (0.00150 - 0.00440), b=3.14 (2.99 - 3.29), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).
سطح تروفیک
(مرجع 69278)
3.5   ±0.51 se; based on food items.
Generation time 36.6 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1 growth studies.
جهندگی
(مرجع 120179)
خیلی آهسته, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت بيش از 14 سال (tm=7-20; tmax=100).
آسیب‌پذیری ماهیگیری
(Ref. 59153)
Very high vulnerability (88 of 100). 🛈
آسیب‌پذیری اقلیمی
(Ref. 125649)
Moderate to high vulnerability (47 of 100). 🛈
طبقه قيمت
(Ref. 80766)
Unknown.
مواد مغذی
(Ref. 124155)
Calcium = 8.49 [4.38, 16.01] mg/100g; Iron = 0.212 [0.119, 0.345] mg/100g; Protein = 17.7 [15.1, 20.3] %; Omega3 = 0.293 [0.144, 0.603] g/100g; Selenium = 30.4 [14.0, 64.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 3.3 [1.0, 11.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.403 [0.274, 0.606] mg/100g (wet weight);