Entorno: milieu / zona climática / rango de profundidad / gama de distribución
Ecología
marino; agua dulce; salobre demersal; rango de profundidad 2 - 25 m (Ref. 55207), usually 2 - 6 m (Ref. 55207). Subtropical; 39°N - 13°N, 100°W - 72°W (Ref. 55207)
Western Atlantic: Chesapeake Bay to southern Florida in the USA and the Gulf of Mexico south to northern island, Colombia. Records from South America doubtful (Ref. 7251).
Longitud en la primera madurez / Tamaño / Peso / Edad
Madurez: Lm 22.0, range 22 - 23 cm
Max length : 61.0 cm WD macho / no sexado; (Ref. 6902); common length : 27.0 cm WD macho / no sexado; (Ref. 6902); common length :39 cm WD (female); peso máximo publicado: 4.9 kg (Ref. 40637)
Prominent triangular snout. Broadly rounded outer corners of disc. Upper surface brown or yellowish brown, paler toward margins of disc. Lower surface white (Ref. 6902). Few scapular spines. Middorsal row of spines present, but few on tail beyond pelvic fins (Ref. 7251).
Body shape (shape guide): other.
Adults inhabit coastal waters, including estuaries and lagoons (Ref. 12951), mangroves (Ref. 138854) and ascend rivers (Ref. 12951). They feed on tube anemones, polychaete worms, small crustaceans, clams, and serpent stars (Ref. 12951). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Parturition occurs in July and August (Ref. 27549). Litters of 2-3 pups; gestation 4 months (Ref. 114953).
Ciclo vital y comportamiento de apareamiento
Madurez | Reproducción | Puesta | Huevos | Fecundidad | Larva
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
Situación en la Lista Roja de la UICN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Amenaza para el ser humano
Harmless
Usos humanos
Pesquerías: sin interés
Herramientas
Informes especiales
Descargar XML
Fuentes de Internet
Estimaciones basadas en modelos
Índice de diversidad filogenética (Referencia 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
|
Bayesian length-weight
|
a=0.00447 (0.00189 - 0.01053), b=3.12 (2.92 - 3.32), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245). |
Nivel trófico (Referencia 69278) |
3.5 ±0.42 se; based on food items. |
Resiliencia (Referencia 120179) |
Muy bajo, población duplicada en un tiempo mínimo superior a 14 años (K=0.26-0.31; Fec assumed <10). |
Vulnerabilidad pesquera (Ref. 59153) |
Very high vulnerability (76 of 100). 🛈 |
Nutrientes (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 15.8 [2.1, 309.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.739 [0.068, 8.595] mg/100g; Protein = 22.3 [20.0, 24.4] %; Omega3 = 0.199 [0.062, 0.591] g/100g; Selenium = 14.8 [2.7, 68.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 6.9 [0.6, 69.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.726 [0.053, 8.530] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |