Amia calva, Bowfin : gamefish, aquarium

Amia calva Linnaeus, 1766

Bowfin
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Amia calva
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> Amiiformes (Bowfins) > Amiidae (Bowfins)
Etymology: Amia: Greek, amia = a kind of shark (Ref. 45335); calva: calva (Latin) = smooth or 'the bald scalp of the head', probably referring to the smooth appearance of the head of live specimens (Ref. 46234).
More on author: Linnaeus.

Milieu: milieu / Klimaatzone / Diepte / verspreidingsgebied Ecologie

; zoet water demersaal; potamodroom (Ref. 126106). Subtropical; 15°C - 20°C (Ref. 2060); 47°N - 25°N, 97°W - 70°W (Ref. 86798)

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North America: from the Pearl River in Louisiana and Mississippi, USA to the Florida Peninsula, and the rivers draining to the Atlantic Ocean in Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina and Virginia, USA (Ref. 132277). Introduced sparingly elsewhere, including on Atlantic Slope north to Massachusetts, USA Ref. 86798).

Lengte bij maturiteit / Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd

Maturiteit: Lm 53.0, range 38 - 68 cm
Max length : 109 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 86798); common length : 53.4 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 12193); max. gepubliceerd gewicht: 9.8 kg (Ref. 4699); max. gerapporteerde leeftijd: 30 Jaren (Ref. 72462)

Korte beschrijving Determinatiesleutels | Morfologie | Morfometrie

Dorsale stekels (totaal) : 0; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal) : 42 - 53; Anale stekels: 0; Anale zachte stralen: 9 - 12; Wervels: 80 - 90. Branchiostegal rays: 10-12. Body is long and robust. Head is conic, mouth large, with maxillary extending well past eye; jaws wit strong, conical teeth; anterior nostrils at base of short barbels. Dorsal fin origin at 1/3 of total length; anal fin origin at midpoint of dorsal base; pelvic fins inserted at midpoint of body. Pigmentation: Dark olive above combines with lighter color on sides to form reticulated pattern; venter cream or greenish; head yellow to brown with darker horizontal bars; lower fins vivid green; caudal light olive with irregular darker vertical bars. Adult males with prominent yellow to orange bordered black spot at upper caudal base, less intense or absent in females.
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.

Biologie     Verklarende woordenlijst (bv. epibenthic)

Facultative air-breathing (Ref. 126274); Adults inhabit swamps, sloughs, lakes, and pools and backwaters of lowland streams (Ref. 86798). They are usually found near vegetation (Ref. 86798). They are air-breathers that can withstand high temperatures, which enable them to survive in stagnant areas; even known to aestivate; lethal temperature is 35.2°C (Ref. 46234). They are voracious and opportunist feeders, subsisting on fishes including other sport fishes, frogs, crayfish, insects, and shrimps. It uses scent as much as sight and captures food by means of gulping water. Small juveniles eat microcrustaceans and insects (Ref. 93252). Males are always smaller than females which live longer. Apparently somewhat migratory during spawning season (Ref. 4639). Eggs are adhesive, attached to decaying vegetation and upright weeds (Ref. 4639). Larvae are found in nest, remaining attached to roots or lying on bottom until adhesive organ is absorbed, thereafter in tight "swarm" guarded by male parent outside nest (Ref. 4639). A 'living fossil' and lone survivor species of Family Amiidae.

Levenscyclus en paargedrag Maturiteit | Voortplanting | Paaien | Eieren | Fecunditeit | Larven

Males build and guard nest and young, usually nesting in colonies, and clearing out vegetation for the nest (Refs. 205, 34296, 34297, 3672). Most active at twilight and dawn (Ref. 34297); spawn at night (Ref. 34296). Eggs hatch in 9 days; newly hatched young measuring 8 mm (Ref. 34297). Larvae are guarded by the male parent until they are able to swim freely (Ref. 205).

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Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 2011. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 663p. (Ref. 86798)

Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))

  Niet bedreigd (LC) ; Date assessed: 19 October 2011

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Gevaar voor de mens

  Harmless





Gebruik door de mens

Visserij: van geen belang; sportvis: ja; Aquarium: Publieke aquaria
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

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Schattingen op basis van modellen

Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex
(Ref. 82804) 		PD50 = 1.2520 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight a=0.00437 (0.00168 - 0.01136), b=3.12 (2.89 - 3.35), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).
Trofisch niveau
(Ref. 69278) 		3.8   ±0.67 se; based on food items.
Weerstandsvermogen
(Ref. 120179) 		laag, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 4,5-14 jaar (K=0.14; tm=3-5; tmax=13; Fec=23,600).
Kwetsbaarheid van de visserij
(Ref. 59153) 		Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100). 🛈