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> Amiiformes (Bowfins) > Amiidae (Bowfins)
Etymology: Amia: Greek, amia = a kind of shark (Ref. 45335); calva: calva (Latin) = smooth or 'the bald scalp of the head', probably referring to the smooth appearance of the head of live specimens (Ref. 46234).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Etymology: Amia: Greek, amia = a kind of shark (Ref. 45335); calva: calva (Latin) = smooth or 'the bald scalp of the head', probably referring to the smooth appearance of the head of live specimens (Ref. 46234).
More on author: Linnaeus.
環境：環境 / 気候帯 / 深さの範囲 / 分布範囲 生態学
; 新鮮な水 底生の; potamodromous (Ref. 126106). Subtropical; 15°C - 20°C (Ref. 2060); 47°N - 25°N, 97°W - 70°W (Ref. 86798)
分布 領土 | 国連食糧農業機関の区域 | エコシステム | 事件 | 目的のマップ | 導入 | Faunafri
North America: from the Pearl River in Louisiana and Mississippi, USA to the Florida Peninsula, and the rivers draining to the Atlantic Ocean in Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina and Virginia, USA (Ref. 132277). Introduced sparingly elsewhere, including on Atlantic Slope north to Massachusetts, USA Ref. 86798).
初回成熟時の長さ / サイズ / 重さ / 年齢
成熟: Lm 53.0, range 38 - 68 cm
Max length : 109 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 86798); common length : 53.4 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 12193); 最大公表体重: 9.8 kg (Ref. 4699); 最大記録サイズ: 30 年 (Ref. 72462)
Max length : 109 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 86798); common length : 53.4 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 12193); 最大公表体重: 9.8 kg (Ref. 4699); 最大記録サイズ: 30 年 (Ref. 72462)
簡単な記述 検索表 | 形態学 | 形態計測学
背面の脊椎 (合計) : 0; 背鰭 (合計) : 42 - 53; 肛門の骨: 0; 臀鰭: 9 - 12; 脊つい: 80 - 90. Branchiostegal rays: 10-12. Body is long and robust. Head is conic, mouth large, with maxillary extending well past eye; jaws wit strong, conical teeth; anterior nostrils at base of short barbels. Dorsal fin origin at 1/3 of total length; anal fin origin at midpoint of dorsal base; pelvic fins inserted at midpoint of body.
Pigmentation: Dark olive above combines with lighter color on sides to form reticulated pattern; venter cream or greenish; head yellow to brown with darker horizontal bars; lower fins vivid green; caudal light olive with irregular darker vertical bars. Adult males with prominent yellow to orange bordered black spot at upper caudal base, less intense or absent in females.
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.
Facultative air-breathing (Ref. 126274); Adults inhabit swamps, sloughs, lakes, and pools and backwaters of lowland streams (Ref. 86798). They are usually found near vegetation (Ref. 86798). They are air-breathers that can withstand high temperatures, which enable them to survive in stagnant areas; even known to aestivate; lethal temperature is 35.2°C (Ref. 46234). They are voracious and opportunist feeders, subsisting on fishes including other sport fishes, frogs, crayfish, insects, and shrimps. It uses scent as much as sight and captures food by means of gulping water. Small juveniles eat microcrustaceans and insects (Ref. 93252). Males are always smaller than females which live longer. Apparently somewhat migratory during spawning season (Ref. 4639). Eggs are adhesive, attached to decaying vegetation and upright weeds (Ref. 4639). Larvae are found in nest, remaining attached to roots or lying on bottom until adhesive organ is absorbed, thereafter in tight "swarm" guarded by male parent outside nest (Ref. 4639). A 'living fossil' and lone survivor species of Family Amiidae.
ライフサイクルと交尾行動 成熟 | 繁殖 | 放精 | 卵 | 生産力 | 幼生
Males build and guard nest and young, usually nesting in colonies, and clearing out vegetation for the nest (Refs. 205, 34296, 34297, 3672). Most active at twilight and dawn (Ref. 34297); spawn at night (Ref. 34296). Eggs hatch in 9 days; newly hatched young measuring 8 mm (Ref. 34297). Larvae are guarded by the male parent until they are able to swim freely (Ref. 205).
主な参考文献
参考文献のアップロード | 参考文献 | コーディネーター | 協力者
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 2011. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 663p. (Ref. 86798)
CITES
Not Evaluated
人間に対する脅威
Harmless
人間の用途
水産業: 興味がない; ゲームフィッシュ: はい; 水族館・水槽: 公共の水族館
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |
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インターネットの情報源
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モデルに基づく推定値
|
系統多様性指数 (参照 82804) |
PD50 = 1.2520 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
| Bayesian length-weight | a=0.00437 (0.00168 - 0.01136), b=3.12 (2.89 - 3.35), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245). |
|
栄養段階 (参照 69278) |
3.8 ±0.67 se; based on food items. |
|
回復力 (参照 120179) |
低い, ４．５年～１４年の倍増期間の最小個体群 (K=0.14; tm=3-5; tmax=13; Fec=23,600). |
|
漁業の脆弱性 (Ref. 59153) |
Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100). 🛈 |