>
Salmoniformes (Salmons) >
Salmonidae (Salmonids) > Coregoninae
Etymology: Coregonus: Greek, kore = pupils of the eye + Greek, gonia = angle (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Pallas.
محیط زیست: محیط زیست / منطقه آب و هوایی / تغييرات عمق / محدوده توزیع
بوم شناسي
دريايي; آب شيرين; لب شور pelagic-neritic; رود کوچ (Ref. 138280). Polar; 84°N - 49°N, 8°W - 95°W
Europe: All drainages (except Ob and Baikal) of Arctic Ocean in Eurasia from Mezen eastward. North America: Cape Barrow to Coronation Bay. Introduced in many localities of former USSR, but not established (Ref. 59043).
طول در اولین بلوغ / اندازه / وزن / سن
بلوغ: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 65.0 cm SL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 59043); common length : 47.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 12193); بيشينه سن گزارش شده: 12 سال ها (Ref. 59043)
خارهاي باله پشتي (کل) : 0; شعاع نرم باله پشتي (کل) : 10 - 12; خارهاي باله مخرجي: 0; شعاع نرم باله مخرجي: 12 - 14; مهره ها: 64 - 67. Distinguished by the pale or colorless pelvic fins, a terminal mouth and the presence of 41 to 48 gill rakers on the 1st gill arch (Ref. 27547). Dorsal fairly high and slightly falcate; pelvic with axillary process (Ref. 27547). Brown to dark greenish above fading to silvery on sides and belly; fins pale (Ref. 27547).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Adults occur in brackish waters (20-22 ppt) of coastal lagoons and mouths of rivers and bays (Ref. 4779, 59043). Nerito-pelagic (Ref. 58426). Food consists of small crustaceans, insects, small fishes (Ref. 28219, 28857), worms and clams (Ref. 58426, 59043). No feeding occurs during the upstream migration (Ref. 4779). Lives 10 -12 years, rarely up to 20 (Ref. 59043). Mature individuals enter rivers in shoals to spawn (Ref. 4779). They spend 6-8 years at sea before maturing and returning to rivers in June - July, to spawn in September - October of same year. A second run in autumn; those fishes remain a year in rivers before spawning. They move far upstream, sometimes up to 1500 km, spawn in shallow tributaries with some current in well oxygenated water over gravel bottom. Individual females do not spawn every year; only 2-3 times during entire life. After spawning adults return directly to sea. Embryonic development lasts up to 7 months. Alevins migrate downstream in May - June (Ref. 59043). Collected by fyke nets (Ref. 4526). An important commercial species but catches and abundance are markedly reduced in recent years (Ref. 59043).
چرخه زندگی و رفتار جفتگیری
بلوغ | تولید مثل | تخم ریزی | تخم ها | باروری | توزاد ( لارو)
Mature adults migrate upstream in the summer and may cover as much as 1,000 km (Ref. 28219) to spawn over gravel in fairly swift water. After spawning, adults return downstream. Young probably hatch in the spring and descend rivers into estuaries (Ref. 27547). Coregonus autumnalis do not breed yearly (Ref. 28219, 28220).
Wheeler, A., 1992. A list of the common and scientific names of fishes of the British Isles. J. Fish Biol. 41(suppl.A):1-37. (Ref. 5204)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
خطر برای انسان ها
Harmless
استفاده انسانی
ماهي گيري – شيلات: تجاري
ابزارها
گزارش های ويژه
بارگيری XML
منابع اينترنتي
تخمینها بر اساس مدلها
شاخص تنوع فیلوژنتیکی (مرجع 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
|
Bayesian length-weight
|
a=0.00468 (0.00404 - 0.00541), b=3.22 (3.18 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
سطح تروفیک (مرجع 69278) |
3.7 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies. |
جهندگی (مرجع 120179) |
پايين ، كم, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت 5/4 – 14 سال (tm=6; Fec=2,000). |
|
Rate of population increase |
Prior r = 0.40, 95% CL = 0.26 - 0.60, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment. |
آسیبپذیری ماهیگیری (Ref. 59153) |
Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100). 🛈 |
طبقه قيمت (Ref. 80766) |
Very high.
|
مواد مغذی (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 16.1 [7.0, 29.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.468 [0.222, 0.892] mg/100g; Protein = 18.3 [17.2, 19.5] %; Omega3 = 0.693 [0.272, 1.906] g/100g; Selenium = 11.8 [4.4, 30.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 6.52 [1.07, 40.50] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.432 [0.329, 0.617] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |