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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Umbrina: Latin, umbra, -ae = shadow, in the sense of phantom; due to its quick movements (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Jordan & Gilbert.
Lingkungan: lingkungan / zona iklim / kisaran kedalaman / jangkauan distribusi
Ekologi
laut dasar (demersal); kisaran kedalaman 10 - 60 m (Ref. 91172). Subtropical; 37°N - 22°N, 123°W - 104°W
Eastern Central Pacific: Point Conception in California, USA to the Gulf of California; old records from as far north as San Francisco, California.
Ukuran / Berat / umur
Kematangan: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 56.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 40637); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 2.5 kg (Ref. 40637)
deskripsi pendek
Kunci identifiaksi (pengenalan) | Morfologi | Morfometrik
Found in shallow sandy areas, often in surf zones, bays and tidal sloughs. Feed on fishes, crustaceans, marine worms and bivalves (Ref. 9118) Often caught by surf fishers. Pelagic spawners (Ref. 56049).
Oviparous (Ref. 240). Pelagic spawner (Ref. 56049).
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: komersial; Ikan buruan: ya
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimasi berdasarkan model
Indeks keanekaragaman filogenetik (Acuan 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.00832 (0.00493 - 0.01404), b=3.05 (2.91 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245). |
Tingkat Trofik (Acuan 69278) |
3.5 ±0.47 se; based on food items. |
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Generation time |
4.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2 growth studies. |
Daya lenting (Acuan 120179) |
Rendah, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 4.5 - 14 tahun (tmax=15; K=0.3). |
Kerentanan Penangkapan Ikan (Ref. 59153) |
Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100). 🛈 |
kategori harga (Ref. 80766) |
Medium.
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